Ap Euro Palmer Chapter 3 Flashcards

Front 1

Which Portuguese explorer discovered a route to the East by sailing around Africa?

Back 1

Vasco de Gama

Front 2

First explorer to circumnavigate the world

Back 2

Ferdinand Magellan

Front 3

What was the Treaty of Tordesillas?

Back 3

gave the Americas to the Spanish, and gave Africa, Asia, and Brazil to the Portuguese

Front 4

What is usury?

Back 4

charging interest on money lent

Front 5

maintained a favorable balance of trade and achieving self-sufficiency economically through valuable metals

Back 5

Mercantilism

Front 6

unpaid forced labor that the Eastern European serfs had to perform to receive their land back.

Back 6

robot

Front 7

Who was Philip II of Spain?

Back 7

Catholic King who spearheaded the Counter-Reformation, built the largely bare Escorial Palace, married to Bloody Mary, fell from his pinnacle after Netherlands revolt and the defeat of the Spanish Armada

Front 8

Henry IV of France

Back 8

winner of the French civil war, established the Edict of Nantes that guaranteed religious freedom to Protestants; converted to Catholicism to gain Paris, saying " Paris is well worth a mass"

Front 9

Politiques

Back 9

thought that people were fighting for too much for religion, favored civil order over social order (Henry IV of France was a politique)

Front 10

St. Bartholomew’s Day massacre

Back 10

Catholics under the Valois monarchy massacred Huguenots in Paris in 1572 after luring them to Paris; forced Henry IV to convert to Catholicism

Front 11

Edict of Nantes

Back 11

issued by Henry IV in 1598, granted religious freedom to French Protestants; later revoked by Louis XIV

Front 12

Defenestration of Prague

Back 12

Officials in Prague tossed the Holy Roman Empire representatives out of a window and sparked the Thirty Years' War

Front 13

Ferdinand II

Back 13

Holy Roman Emperor during the Thirty Years' War who issued the Edict of Restitution, which brought back all secularized Catholic land.

Front 14

Gustavus Adolphus

Back 14

Protestant king of Sweden who died in a battle during the Thirty Years' War, one of the great kings of the age

Front 15

Peace of Westphalia

Back 15

written in 1648 at the end of the Thirty Years' War that stopped the Counter-Reformation and ushered France into its Golden Age by keeping Germany divided into small states