Ap Euro Names And Terms Chapter 3

Front 1

Vasco da Gama

Back 1

Portugese navigator who rounded Africa and landed on the Malabar Indian coast, breaking into the Arab trading monopoly in that area of the world. Started a war between Portuguese and Arab merchants.

Front 2

Malabar Coast

Back 2

The southwest coast of India where Arab merchants held rich trading centers connected to the East. Discovered by Vasco da Gama

Front 3

Goa

Back 3

Place on the Malabar Coast where the Portuguese eventually built fortified trading stations.

Front 4

Columbus

Back 4

Explorer who sailed across the Atlantic looking for a route to Asia. Discovered the Americas. Backed by Queen Isabella of Castile, he led another large expedition to the "West Indies" but never realized he had discovered a new continent.

Front 5

African slave trade

Back 5

The practice of importing captured African slaves to America for forced labor. Slaves outnumbered European immigrants.

Front 6

Magellan

Back 6

A Spanish explorer who led an expedition circling the globe through the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans.

Front 7

Potosi

Back 7

A place in ancient Peru where rich silver deposits were discovered. The silver was successfully excavated and used to fund many projects of the King of Spain

Front 8

Cabot

Back 8

The explorer(s) who sailed for England to explore the newly discovered American continent.

Front 9

Cartier

Back 9

The explorer who sailed for France to explore the newly discovered American continent.

Front 10

price revolution

Back 10

The gradual inflation that took place in Europe during the 15th century. May have been because of rising food prices or the debasement of money by many European monarchs.

Front 11

Commercial Revolution

Back 11

the European transition to a more capitalist economy. Also the change from a town-centered to a nation-centered economic system.

Front 12

Fuggers of Augsburg

Back 12

A German banking family that started in cloth called "fustian," began trading in Eastern goods from Venice, and eventually invested in mining and lent money to Renaissance popes and Emperors. Later became bankers to the Hapsburg and financed Portuguese trade with Asia.

Front 13

Medici of Florence

Back 13

Important Renaissance banking family centered in Italy.

Front 14

domestic system

Back 14

the system of farming out production work to peasants to do in their homes. This avoided the restrictions of the guilds in towns.

Front 15

Bank of Amsterdam

Back 15

Trusted bank that attracted depositors because their money was safe, would earn interest, and could be withdrawn at will.

Front 16

yeomanry

Back 16

a class of small land-owners that existed in England between the landed gentry and the rural poor

Front 17

gentry

Back 17

land-owning class. Generally considered beneath nobles.

Front 18

bourgeoisie

Back 18

the middle levels of society between the aristocracy and the laboring poor

Front 19

English Poor Law

Back 19

law representing the movement for charitable relief. This law created workhouses and hospices for some portion of the poor so the public nuisance of begging would be reduced.

Front 20

colleges in France

Back 20

French schools that served the role of English grammar schools and the first year or two of university. These were created to respond to the demand for education.

Front 21

hidalgos

Back 21

spanish term for lesser nobles who aspired to positions in the church or government. Made up most of the educated class

Front 22

robot

Back 22

Bohemian term for the 3 or 4 days a week of forced labor that the peasant owed to their lord.

Front 23

Philip II

Back 23

Spanish king who inherited the Hapsburg Empire from Charles V. Also inherited Portugal so he had all of America. His navy dominated the open ocean. Strong Catholic who wanted to spread the Church around the world.

Front 24

siglo de oro

Back 24

Spanish name for the period from 1550 to 1650 that is known as the Golden Age of Spain's early modern culture

Front 25

Cervantes

Back 25

Spanish author who wrote Don Quixote

Front 26

Lope de Vega

Back 26

Spanish playwright who wrote 200 dramas.

Front 27

El Greco

Back 27

famous Spanish painter of the siglo de oro

Front 28

Philip II

Back 28

Spanish king who inherited the Hapsburg Empire from Charles V. Also inherited Portugal so he had all of America. His navy dominated the open ocean. Strong Catholic who wanted to spread the Church around the world.

Front 29

siglo de oro

Back 29

Spanish name for the period from 1550 to 1650 that is known as the Golden Age of Spain's early modern culture

Front 30

Cervantes

Back 30

Spanish author who wrote Don Quixote

Front 31

Lope de Vega

Back 31

Spanish playwright who wrote 200 dramas.

Front 32

El Greco

Back 32

famous Spanish painter of the siglo de oro

Front 33

Philip II

Back 33

Spanish king who inherited the Hapsburg Empire from Charles V. Also inherited Portugal so he had all of America. His navy dominated the open ocean. Strong Catholic who wanted to spread the Church around the world.

Front 34

siglo de oro

Back 34

Spanish name for the period from 1550 to 1650 that is known as the Golden Age of Spain's early modern culture

Front 35

Cervantes

Back 35

Spanish author who wrote Don Quixote

Front 36

Lope de Vega

Back 36

Spanish playwright who wrote 200 dramas.

Front 37

El Greco

Back 37

famous Spanish painter of the siglo de oro

Front 38

Philip II

Back 38

Spanish king who inherited the Hapsburg Empire from Charles V. Also inherited Portugal so he had all of America. His navy dominated the open ocean. Strong Catholic who wanted to spread the Church around the world.

Front 39

siglo de oro

Back 39

Spanish name for the period from 1550 to 1650 that is known as the Golden Age of Spain's early modern culture

Front 40

Cervantes

Back 40

Spanish author who wrote Don Quixote

Front 41

Lope de Vega

Back 41

Spanish playwright who wrote 200 dramas.

Front 42

El Greco

Back 42

famous Spanish painter of the siglo de oro

Front 43

Philip II

Back 43

Spanish king who inherited the Hapsburg Empire from Charles V. Also inherited Portugal so he had all of America. His navy dominated the open ocean. Strong Catholic who wanted to spread the Church around the world.

Front 44

siglo de oro

Back 44

Spanish name for the period from 1550 to 1650 that is known as the Golden Age of Spain's early modern culture

Front 45

Cervantes

Back 45

Spanish author who wrote Don Quixote

Front 46

Lope de Vega

Back 46

Spanish playwright who wrote 200 dramas.

Front 47

El Greco

Back 47

famous Spanish painter of the siglo de oro

Front 48

Philip II

Back 48

Spanish king who inherited the Hapsburg Empire from Charles V. Also inherited Portugal so he had all of America. His navy dominated the open ocean. Strong Catholic who wanted to spread the Church around the world.

Front 49

siglo de oro

Back 49

Spanish name for the period from 1550 to 1650 that is known as the Golden Age of Spain's early modern culture

Front 50

Cervantes

Back 50

Spanish author who wrote Don Quixote

Front 51

Lope de Vega

Back 51

Spanish playwright who wrote 200 dramas.

Front 52

El Greco

Back 52

famous Spanish painter of the siglo de oro

Front 53

Valazquez

Back 53

famous Spanish painter of the siglo de oro

Front 54

Duke of Alva

Back 54

Stern governor general sent by Philip II to govern the Netherlands with 60,000 soldiers

Front 55

Escorial

Back 55

Grand palace and government center build by Philip II about 30 miles from Madrid.

Front 56

Battle of Lepanto

Back 56

Battle between the Spanish/Venetians and the Turks off the coast of Greece. The battle was for control of the Mediterranean but the Spanish army treated it as a crusade

Front 57

Moriscos

Back 57

converted Spanish Muslims who revolted against Philip II and were suppressed.

Front 58

Council of Troubles

Back 58

the established started by the Duke of Alva in the Netherlands meant to suppress religious and political dissidents.

Front 59

Revolt of the Netherlands

Back 59

The 17 independent provinces considered the Netherlands revolted against Philip II. They were fighting for political and religious freedom from Spain's monarchy and Grand Inquisition. Put down mercilessly by Philip and Alva.

Front 60

Mary Stuart

Back 60

The "Queen of Scots" who had been queen of France until her husband died and queen of Scotland until the Calvinist Lord drove her out as an unwanted Catholic monarch. Strong Catholic supported by Spain and the pope. Imprisoned by Elizabeth

Front 61

Mary Tudor

Back 61

Daughter of Henry VIII, Catholic who married Philip II and was Queen of England until her death.

Front 62

Huguenots

Back 62

French Calvinists

Front 63

Catherine de' Medici

Back 63

Widow of King Henry II of france who tried to govern the country for her 3 royal sons

Front 64

Henry of Navarre

Back 64

the king of the small kingdom of Navarre who became a leader of the Huguenots during the French civil war

Front 65

Duke of Guise

Back 65

The leader of the Catholic party in the French civil war

Front 66

Admiral de Coligny

Back 66

Leader of the Huguenot faction in France

Front 67

Massacre of St. Bartholomew's Day

Back 67

Catherine de' Medici had thousands of Huguenots dragged from their beds and murdered to weaken Huguenot resistance in the war.

Front 68

politiques

Back 68

Moderate Protestants who believed that the religious issue was less important than civil order in France. Took a secular view and hoped for a strong monarchy.

Front 69

Jean Bodin

Back 69

political philosopher who supported the "politique" view and developed the modern theory of soveriegnty

Front 70

"Paris is worth a mass"

Back 70

Alleged quote from Henry IV (of Navarre) when he became a Catholic after becoming king of France in an effort to unify the country

Front 71

Edict of Nantes

Back 71

A law passed by Henry IV that allowed all nobles and manorial lords the right to hold Protestant services in their estates. Also gave Protestant towns and other towns the right to remain Protestant. Banned Protestant services from Catholic episcopal towns and from Paris and the surrounding land.

Front 72

parlements

Back 72

supreme law courts in Paris, Bordeaux, Toulouse, Aix, and Rennes that refused to recognize the Edict of Nantes

Front 73

Marie de' Medici

Back 73

Widow of Henry IV who was forced to call the Estates General by restless Catholics but eventually disbanded it

Front 74

Richelieu

Back 74

a cardinal who gradually took power of france in the name of Marie de' Medici and Louis XIII. He tried to help France economically and stop another civil war from occurring.

Front 75

Louis XIII

Back 75

son and heir of Henry IV

Front 76

Gallican liberties

Back 76

national liberties sought after by the French clergy

Front 77

Bohemia

Back 77

Country in central Europe, east of Germany, where the first stage of fighting in the Thirty Years War, began

Front 78

"defenestration of Prague"

Back 78

The bohemians killed two emissaries from the Hapsburg Emperor matthias by throwing them out of a window.

Front 79

Duke of Wallenstein

Back 79

Man hired by Hapsburg Emporer Ferdinand to raise an army. Wallenstein raised a force of professional fighters with which he soon defeated the king of Denmark and invaded the Danish peninsula.

Front 80

Battle of White Mountain

Back 80

battle at the beginning of the 30 years war where Emperor Ferdinand defeated the Bohemians completely.

Front 81

Edict of Restitution

Back 81

Edict from Emperor Ferdinand that declared that all church territories secularized since 1552 automatically restored to the church. Reaction to the Counter-Reformation

Front 82

Gustavus Adophus

Back 82

king of Sweden who unified Sweden and extended its holdings on the east shore of the Baltic. He raised a successful, modern army and became a Protestant champion in Germany.

Front 83

Peace of Westphalia

Back 83

A peace conference at which all the German states, the empire and many other european countries were represented. Granted German states the right to choose their own religion, even Calvinism. Freed Germany, the Dutch, and the Swiss from the Holy Roman Empire. The Empire was destroyed as a political entity by allowing the German states self-government.

Front 84

Raison d'etat

Back 84

French term referring to the countries goals and ambitions

Front 85

King Christian of Denmark

Back 85

Protestant king whose rivalry with Gustavus Adolphus led him to go to war with the catholic Empire in the 30 years war. He was defeated.