Ap Euro Names And Terms Chapter 12

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Louis Blanc

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a french revolutionary social republican who pushed for a bold economic and social program after the Revolution of 1848

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national workshops

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state supported and collectivist manufacturing establishments created by the Provisional Government after the Revolution of 1848. Never used for fear of competition with private sector.

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"June Days"

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three days in 1848 during which a class war in Paris raged between socialist factory worker and the army representing the Constitutent Assembly. The military defeated the insurgents

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General Cavaignac

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virtual dictator of the French Constituent Assembly after the June days

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Louis Napoleon Bonaparte

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Napoleon's nephew who was elected president in December 1848. Acted as President of the Second Republic in France

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Falloux Laws

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put French schools under control of the clergy

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March Days

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1848 reaction to the February Revolution in Paris in which most political institutions of central Europe collapsed.

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Dossuth

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Leader of the radical party of the Hungarian diet who spoke in Mrach 1848 about the virtues of liberty, leading to a Hungarian revolt

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counter revolution

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Central european political powers began to take back power from ill-organized revolutionaries. Succeeded in Prague, north Italy, Hungary

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Jellachich

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Hungarian Count and leader of the Serbo-Croatians representing magyar interests in Hungary

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Mazzini

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One of the leaders of the Rome Republican declared by revolutionaries in Italy

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reactionaries

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counterrevolutionary forces looking to suppress and target revolutionaries

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Syllabus of errors

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document written by Pius IX, a formerly liberal pope, stating that the Catholic Church is firmly against all liberal movements

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Bach system

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regime creating a rigidly centralist government for the German peoples throughout central Europe

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Frankfurt Assembly

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1848-49 meeting of German leaders after the collapse of many german governments. An attempt to create a unified, liberal German state.

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Frederick WIlliam IV

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ruler of Prussia after 1840. Determined to keep power despite liberal movements, but still a comparatively fair king.

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Zollverein

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tariff union initially between Prussian states that eventually included most of Germany

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Great Germans

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Germans who believed the Germany represented by the Frankfurt Assembly should included Austrian lands expect Hungary. made up most of the Assembly

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Little Germans

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Initial minority in the Frankfurt Assembly, believed that the unified Germany should include the smaller states and Prussia, but not Austria.

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Declaration of the Rights of the German People

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Document produced by the Frankfurt Assembly announcing individual rights, civil liberties, and constitutional guarantees for Germans

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materialism

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belief that everything mental, spiritual, or ideal was an outgrowth of physical or physiological forces

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realism

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representation of materialism in the arts. Writers and artists tried to reproduce life as it was without imposing romantic ideals

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positivism

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philosophy originating with comte and representing an insistence on verifiable facts and an avoidance of wishful thinking, assumptions, and generalizations

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Auguste Comte

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French philosopher who started positism with his volumes on "Positive Philsophy." He believed in the use of scientific application free from theological and metaphysical concerns to improve society and

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sociology

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word coined by Comte meaning the science of society. Use of facts to develop scientific laws of social progress

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Realpolitik

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"politics of reality." Political manifestation of realism that encouraged people to give up utopian dreams and strive for an honest government. This idea meant that governments should not act on ideology, natural sympathies, or ideas but on practicalities

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Karl Marx

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Prussian/German revolutionary who developed the political reality of Communism in "The Communist Manifesto." Worked with Engels

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Friedrich Engels

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Prussian/German revolutionary who developed the political reality of Communism in "The Communist Manifesto." Worked with Marx

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marxism

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Philosophy mixing philosophy, revolution, and industrialism and seeking, in general, social, economic, and civil equality. Private property and capitalism in general was denounced

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alienation of workers

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Marx's idea that industrial workers in a system of private ownership are separated from their work and the benefits of their labor.

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proletarian

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world-wide class of wage-earning industrial workers

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dialectical materialism

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Marx's philosophy that material conditions like technology, resources, and property systems create the social world. These relations of production interact and conflict to produce all change and social/political realities. Material conditions engender ideas.

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authoritarianism

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form of government in which the government controls everything with little or no input from the people.

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Credit Mobilier

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French banking institution which raised funds by selling its shares to the public and using the money to finance new industrial enterprises.

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investment banking

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the system of people allowing their money to be invested by banks, providing capital for new enterprises.

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"limited liability"

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French right granted to stockholders saying they could not lose more than the par value of the stock, even if the corporation went into debt.

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Baron Haussmann

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french city planner hired by Napoleon III to modernize Paris. He created broad boulevards and public squares and updated the sewers and water supply.