Ap Euro Midterm Ch 12

Front 1

Francesco Petrarch

Back 1

an Italian scholar, poet, and early humanist, he popularized the idea of mixing classical moral and literary ideas with the concerns of the fourteenth century

Front 2

Johann Gutenberg

Back 2

German inventor of movable metal type, Printing Press. His innovations led to the publication of the first printed book in Europe, the Gutenberg, in the 1450’s. printed books and broadsheets played as critical role in disseminating the ideas of the Renaissance and the Reformation

Front 3

Geoffrey Chaucer

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an Enlgish author, poet, philosopher, bureaucrat, and a diplomat, sometimes called the Father of English Literature, wrote The Canterbury Tales, one of the first to use the vernacular English language, lived from1343 to1400

Front 4

Albrect Durer

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a German painter, printmaker, mathematician, best known for his prints, his works blended northern humanistic interests with the Italian techniques of composition and linear perspective, most known for his woodcuts containing contemporary themes

Front 5

Baldassare Castiglione

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live from 1478-1529, published The Book of the Courtier (1528), describes in many respects a typical gathering at court, and discourses relect contemporary views of relations between men and women, combined humanistic ideas and traditional chivalric values

Front 6

Niccolo Machiavelli

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was a political philosopher, musician, poet, poet and playwright, key figure in the Italian Renaissance especially politically, most known for his treatises on realist political theory, The Prince

Front 7

Thomas More

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English lawyer, author, statesmen, leading humanist scholar, best known for his work Utopia, was highly critical of contemporary European kingdoms, it describes a fictional land of peace and harmony that was outlawed private property and all forms of wealth

Front 8

Lorenzo Valla

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an Italian humanist, rhetorician, and educator, studies led him to understand that languages change with time, On the Donation of Constantine, in 144 he published his Annotation on the New Testament, this was critical to the humanistis outside Italy and the Protestant Reformation

Front 9

Renaissance

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period of intense creativity between 1350 and 1500 when cultural values were based on imitation of classical Greek and Roman norms

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Humanism

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Western European literary and cultural movement of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Humanists emphasized the superiority of ancient Greek and Roman Literature history, and politics, and focused on learning and personal and public duty

Front 11

Christian Humanism

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is the belief that human freedom and individualism are compatible with the practice of Christianity, try to deepen understanding of Christianity, and restore moral values

Front 12

On the Donation of Constantine

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is a forged Roman imperial edict devised probably between 750 and 850, Purportedly issued by the fourth century Roman Emperor Constantine I, the Donation grants Pope Sylvester I and his successors, as inheritors of St Peter, the dominion over the city of Rome, Italy, and the entire Western Roman Empire

Front 13

Linear Perspective

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Revolutionary technique developed by early-fifteenth-century Florentine painters for representing three-dimensional objects on two-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional plane. The technique is based in part on the observation that as parallel lines recede, they appear to converge.

Front 14

Leonardo da Vinci

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a painter, engineer, and scientist, da Vinci rejected arguments and ideas based on imitation of the ancients. Rather, he advocated careful study of the natural world

Front 15

Sistine Chapel

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Chapel at the Vatican Palace commissioned by Pope Sixtus IVin 1475, best known for Michelangelo’s magnificent paintings of the Creation and Last Judgment. The monument vividly captures the cultural, religious, and ideological program of the papacy