Ap Euro Industrial Revolution, Unification, And The Isms

Front 1

Jethro Tull

Back 1

-invented the seed drill
-facilitated a bigger crop yield for the peasants

Front 2

Canals

Back 2

-much easier and cheaper to ship by water

Front 3

Why the Industrial Revolution occurred in Britain

Back 3

-rivers and canals provided easy movement
-free trade, no tariffs to hinder trade
-good credit markets
-not at war like other countries at the time

Front 4

spinning jenny

Back 4

-hand powered spinning machine
-created by James Hargreaves
-breakthrough in the cotton industry

Front 5

water fram

Back 5

-water powered spinning machine
-created by Richard Arkwright
-needed many workers and a factory

Front 6

child labor

Back 6

-received minimum pay, with long hours and dangerous working conditions

Front 7

steam engine

Back 7

-burned coal to produce steam
-Thomas Newcomen, James Watt
-fundamental advance in technology

Front 8

railroads

Back 8

-made land travel much easier, reduced the cost
-George Stephenson's Rocket first tested in 1830 between Liverpool and Manchester

Front 9

Laissez-Faire

Back 9

-created by Adam Smith
-no government involvement, self interest and free trade

Front 10

Iron law of wages

Back 10

-David Ricardo and Thoman Malthus
-workers should expect less money
-the poor were needed in society
-more money meant more kids, overpopulation would lead to less food
-population would always exceed food supply

Front 11

Utilitarianism

Back 11

-the greatest good for the most people
-Jeremy Bentham

Front 12

Feminism and Feminists

Back 12

-men and women should be equal
-John and Harriet Mill
-wanted more rights, education, divorce laws

Front 13

Liberalism

Back 13

-largely supported by the middle class
-liberty and equality
-representative government
-freedom of speech, press, assembly

Front 14

Nationalism

Back 14

-idea that each people had a cultural unity
-Herder and Volksgeist

Front 15

french utopian socialism

Back 15

Saint-Simon
-social organization key to progress
-parasites and doers
Charles Fourier
-self sufficient communities, no marriage
Louis Blanc
- wrote Organization of Work, workers should take control peacefully
- social workshops to help the unemployed

Front 16

What is Property?

Back 16

-written by Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
- profits were stolen from the worker who was the real source of wealth
-anarchism would be achieved through education not violence

Front 17

Marxiam Socialism

Back 17

-The Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx and Fredrich Engels
- class struggles always middle class vs. working class
- aka bourgeoisie vs. proletariat
- profit-seeking bourg exploited the proletariat
- inevitable proletariat revolution coming

Front 18

Romanticism

Back 18

- anti-Enlightenment except for Rousseau
- belief in emotions and human potential

Front 19

Humanitarianism

Back 19

-eliminate torture, reform

Front 20

Luddites

Back 20

-those who rebelled against the new technology in factories

Front 21

List's economics

Back 21

-Freidrich List
-free trade bad, only works for England
-tariffs would protect freedom and the economy

Front 22

Results of the Industrial Revolution

Back 22

-created two new social classes, capitalists and the proletariat
-subjected workers and their families to low wages, long working days, and oppressive living conditions
-

Front 23

Heigelian dialectic

Back 23

thesis, antithesis, synthesis
-how to unify germany

Front 24

History of Czech People

Back 24

-Francis Palacky

Front 25

Russian Slavophilism

Back 25

-they were originally Slavic
-protected the Slavs in the Balkans

Front 26

Congress of Europe

Back 26

the concept of all the big states on the continent working together

Front 27

"White Terror"

Back 27

-The Duke of Berry was assassinated and his father was Charles X who became king after Louis died in 1824
-as a result he's quite conservative

Front 28

Polish Ambitions

Back 28

-try to write a constitution
-Alexander I movies in and puts them down

Front 29

Burschenschaften

Back 29

-student associations in in Baden, Bavaria, and Wurtenberg

Front 30

Carlsbad Decrees

Back 30

-imposed by Metternich
-dissolved Burschenschaften
-censored literature and press

Front 31

Corn Laws 1815

Back 31

-banned foreign importation of grain
-made the workers buy domestic grain which became more expensive and made the aristocracy richer
-sparks mass protests

Front 32

Peterloo Massacre

Back 32

-riot in London 1816
-working class gather near Manchester, St. Peter's field
-wanted an annual election and universal male suffrage
-the government intervened, many killed

Front 33

Six Acts

Back 33

response to peterloo massacre, outlawed blasphemous literature and forbid demonstrations of any kind

Front 34

Monroe Doctrine

Back 34

the United States declared that there was to be no European interference on the Western Hemisphere

Front 35

Nicholas I

Back 35

became kind after Alexander I

Front 36

Tory regime

Back 36

-conservative
-put down violent radicals
-pushed out the Anglican church

Front 37

Reform Bill of 1832

Back 37

readjusted the voting representation from smaller towns to the newer industrial cities so more owners and merchants could vote

Front 38

Anti Corn Law League

Back 38

-industrialists who didn't want to have to pay the workers so much
-tried to convince the government
-it was finally repealed because of the Irish Potato Famine

Front 39

Stake in Society

Back 39

-the law now affected the lawmakers

Front 40

Poor Law of 1834

Back 40

workhouses put into place for those unemployed, made you want to get a job

Front 41

The Charter of 1838

Back 41

-Chartists demanded annual elections of the House of Commons
-also wanted universal male suffrage, equal electoral districts

Front 42

credit mobilier

Back 42

french bank that financed railroads

Front 43

constitutional charter of 1814

Back 43

-created by Louis XVIII
-liberal constitution, not democratic
-repudiated by Charles X, coup in July 1830

Front 44

July Ordinances

Back 44

-issued by Charles X
-got rid of charter
-censored press
-reduced the electorate

Front 45

July Revolution

Back 45

-the overthrow of Charles X

Front 46

July Monarchy

Back 46

-Louis Philippe put into power
-a duke but also fought in the republic army
-"King of the French people"

Front 47

june days

Back 47

-violent uprising, with barricades

Front 48

Louis Napoleon

Back 48

-elected December 1848
-people saw good in his name

Front 49

Napoleon III's second empire

Back 49

-new investment banks and railroad construction
-public work to beautify paris
-became hereditary emperor

Front 50

Guiseppe Mazzini

Back 50

italian nationalist

Front 51

Young Italy

Back 51

-most prominent of italian unification groups
-wanted unified republican italy

Front 52

reichstag

Back 52

popular elected lower house in Germany

Front 53

kulturkampf

Back 53

-Bismarck's attack on the Catholic church
-put it under government control

Front 54

goals of 19th century liberals

Back 54

-legal equality
-religious toleration
-limits to the arbitrary power of government against the property of individual citizens