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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
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Feudalism
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An economic system that evolved during the Middle Ages based upon a lord-vassal relationship. It created a hierarchical society in which created self-sufficient units.
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Scholasticism
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Medieval system of thought in which philosophy and reason was applied to theological questions.
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Saint Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274)
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– Italian philosopher who was the greatest figure in the Scholastic movement. Advocated an Aristotelian philosophy that faith and reason were gifts from God and should be used by man.
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Alexander VI (1492-1503)
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- Corrupt Spanish pope. He was aided militarily and politically by his son, Cesare Borgia, who was the hero of The Prince.
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Leo X
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Pope Leo X was responsible for the political rise of the papacy in Europe.
Born Giovanni de’Medici, his father was Lorenzo the Magnificent. He was made cardinal at 13 and because of the support of Pope Julius II rose through the papal ranks. He was pope during the early Reformation and excommunicated Martin Luther. What surprising is that he was never ordained a priest. |
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Miguel De Cervantes
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(1547-1616) - Spanish writer. Wrote Don Quixote.
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Lorenzo de Medici
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(r. 1469-1492) - The Medici’s were a great banking family in Florence in the 15th century. “Il Magnifico” ruled the government of Florence (1480-1519) - Lucrezia was the daughter of Pope Alexander VI, who used his daughter to gain political power. She was one of the most notable women during the Renaissance. (1469-1492) from behind the scene. During his tenure Florence witnessed the height of her prestige and beauty.
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Lorenzo de Medici (r. 1469-1492
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The Medici’s were a great banking family in Florence in the 15th century. “Il Magnifico” ruled the government of Florence Leonardo dominated the Renaissance like no other person. His paintings, sculptures, engineering feats, and biological research changed the course of history. He was continually looking for patrons and spent much of his life traveling. His greatest works include the Last Supper and the Mona Lisa. (1469-1492) from behind the scene. During his tenure Florence witnessed the height of her prestige and beauty.
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Dante Alighieri
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1265-1321 Italian pot wrote Inferno and Divine comedy
demonstated powerful influence of church on education and literature |
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Boccaccio
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1313-1375 Giovanni Boccaccio was one of the first writers of the early rennaisance
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Botticelli 1444-1510
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1 of the leading painters of the Florentine renn devolped highly personal style
The Birth of Venus Sponsored by the Medici |
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Michaelangleo Buonarroti
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1475 1564
greatest artist of the high renn worked in Rome and painted Sistine Chapel for Julius II sculpted the Statue of David |
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Castiglione
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1478-1529 Wrote The Courtier, about education and manners had great influence
it said that upper class man should be well rounded (trained in art, music, and dance) |
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Charles V
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1519-1556- Holy Roman Eperor was most powerful man in Europe during the first of the 16th century
king of spain, but also ruled Habsburg empire (netherlands, austria, much of Italy, burgandy, and spain's possession in the new world) considered universal monarch, defended Catholicism |
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Isabella d'Este
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1475 1539- Isabella was arguably the most powerful and influential woman of the Renn period
learned humanist language of Greek and Latin and excelled in music she ruled Mantua when her husband |
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Leonardo Da Vinci
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1452-1519 Dominated the Renn like no other person
his paintings, sculptures, engineering feats, and biological research that changed the course of history always looking for patrons and traveled much Last Supper and Mona Lisa |
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Lorenzo de Medici
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1469- 1492 Part of great banking family in FLorence in the 15th cent
"Il Magnifico" ruled goverment from behind the scenes witnessed height of Florenc's prestige and beauty |
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Lucrezia Borgia
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1480-1519 The daughter of Pope Alexander VI who used her to gain political power
one of most notable women during renn |
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Miguel De Cervantes
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1547-1616 Spanish writer wrote don Quixote
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Pico Della Mirandola 1463-1494
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Wrote On the Dignity of Man, whjich sad that man was made in the image of God and pre the fall and as Christ after the Ressurection
man is b/w beasts and angels no limits on what man can acomplish |
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Donatello
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1386-1466 Sculptor of the early Renn who studied Ghilberti and Brunellschi.
greatest influence of any artist pre Michaelangelo Sponsored by Medici most important staute of Daviod in the nude |
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Reconquista
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the removal of the moors and Jews by Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain
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Giotto
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1276?- 1337?
Florentine painter who led the way in the use of realism and depth his technique for showing perspective were copioed by many Renn artists |
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Erasmus
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Dutch humanist wanted to reform Catholic Church.
said religious education was important wrote Praise of Folly Friends with More and Critic of Luther |
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Jacob Fugger
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headed leading banking and trading house in 16th century Europe
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Hans Holbein the Younger
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1497-1543 painted portraits and religious paintings
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Humanism
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philosophical framework of the renn
scholars studied classics to learn what they revealed about human naure rather than for religious meanings emphasized human capabilities, rationality, and interests |
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Individualism
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stressed personality, uniqueness, genius, and the fullest development of capabilitis and interests
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Pope Julius II
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1503-1513 militaristic pope
responsible for great art around the Vatican tore down old St Peters basillica and begun present structure in 1506 commisioned Michaelangelo to paint the Sistine Chapel |
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Johann Gutenberg
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1397-1468
invented printing press in Germany in about 1450 first book printed was the Gutenberg bible press was a cheap way to mass produce books, which advanced education |
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New Monarchs
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monarchies that took measures to the limit of power of the Roman Catholic Church within their countries
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Pazzi Conspiracy
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1497 conspiracy to overthrow the Medici's in Florence
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Petrach
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1304-1347 Fathr of Renn believed the first to centuries of the Roman Empire to represent the peak of development of human civilization
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Quattrocento
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1400s
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Cinqucento
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1500s
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Francois Rabelais
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1490-1553 French Satiracal author
Gargantua and Pantagruel |
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Renn Man
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man that is multitalented and well education
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Revival of antiquity
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the awakening from the dark ages and the focusing on the Romans
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Friar Girolamo Savoranola
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1452-1498 Dominacan friar who attacked paganism and moral vice of Medici and Alexander VI
burned at the stake in Florence |
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Secularism
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belief in material things instead of religious things
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Vernacular
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everyday language of a specific nation
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Virtu
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the striving for excellence. Humanistic aspect of renn
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Catherine de'Medici
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1519-1589 Queen of France who had 3 sons who all became kings of France. Catherine was married to henry I, who was killed in a jouscing match in 1559
dominated French politics for almost 50 years, but especially during the reign of her sons |
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Act of Supremacy 1534
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declared the king osupreme head of the Church of Enlgland
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Anglicanism
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upholding of the teachings of the ChcOfEng as defined by Elizabeth I
at first had 3 sacraments, then 2 |
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John Calvin
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1509-1564 thological writings profoundly influenced religious thoughts of Europeans
wrote Institutes of Christian Relision French, but located in Geneva, which became theocracy 2 sacraments: communion and baptism |
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consubstantiation
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the bread and wine undergo a spiratual change, espoused by Luther
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Council of Trent
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1545 called by Pope Paul III to reform the church secure reconciliation with the protestants. Lutherans and Calvinist did not attend
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Thomas Cranmer
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1489-1556 prepared the First Book of Common Prayer
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Diet of Worms
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1521 assembly of the estates of the empire called by Holy Roman Empire Emperor Charles V
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Edict of Nantes
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1598 Granted Huguenots liberty of conscience and worship
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excommunication
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when person is expelled from Catholic Church
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Huguenots
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French Calvists
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John Hus
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1369?-1415 Bohemian religious reformer whose efforts to reform church were eventually fueled by Protestant Reformation
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Ignatius Loyola
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1491- 1556 founded the Society of Jesus, resisted the spread of Protestantism, wrote Spiritual Exercises
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Indulgences
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selling was common by Catholic Church, corruption that lead to reformation
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The Institutes of Christian Religion
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written by John Calvin in 1536. Bible the only source of Christian doctrine; only 2 sacraments- baptism and communion
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Jesuits
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members of the Society of Jesus, staunch Catholics. led by Loyola they were dedicated to removing the abuses of the church and restoring the Catholic Church
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John Knox
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1505?-1572 Calvinists who learned from Calvin in Geneva and then dominated the movement for reform in Scotland
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Simony
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the selling of church offices
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usury
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the practice of lending money for interest
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theocracy
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a community in which the state is subbordinate to the church best example was geneva under John Calvin
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Predestination
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calvin's religious theory that God has already planned out a person's life. God already knows
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Johann Tetzel
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leading seller of indulgences. infuriated Luther
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Thomas Wolsey
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1447-1530 Cardinal highest ranking church officail and lord chancellor. dismisse dby Henry VIII for not getting the pope to annul his marriage to Catherine of Argon
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John Wycliffe
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1328-1384 Forerunner to the Reformation Created Lollardy
attacked corruption of the Clergy and questioned the power of the pope translated the Bible into English |
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Ulrich Zwingli
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1484-1531 Swiss reformer, influenced by Christian humanism looked to the state to supervise the church. banned music relics from service. killed in a civil war
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Baroque
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style in art and architecture developed in Europe about 1550-1700, emphasizing dramatic, curving forms, elaborate ornamentation, and over balance of disparate parts.
associated with Catholocism |
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Henry IV fo Borbon Navarre (1533-1610)
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the first Bourbon king of Rance ended nearly 40 years of civil war. He won War of 3 henrys and converted to catholicism to save france from further bloodshed. "Paris is worth a mass" Killed by religious fanatic in 1610
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Defenstration of Prague
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1618 throwing of Catholic officials from a castle widow bohemia. started the 30 years war
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Peace of Westphalia
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1648 treaty that ended the 30 years War (1616-1648) and readjusted the religious and political affairs of Europe
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St Bartholomew's Day Massacre
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mass slaying of Huguenots (protestants) in Paris, on St Bartholomews Day
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War of the 3 Henrys
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French civil war because of the Holy league vowed to bar Henri of Navarre from inheriting the French throne. supported by the Holy League and and Spain's Philip II, Henri of Guise battles Henri III of valois and Henri of Navarre
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John Cabot
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1461-1498 Italian born navigator explored the coast of New England ,Nova Scotia, and Newfoudland. gave England a claim in North America
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Pedro Cabral
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1467-1520 Claimed Brazil for Portugal
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Entrepot
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Big commercial center for importing and exporting commodities
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Conquistadores
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Spanish "conqueror" or soldier in the New World
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Pedro Cabral
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1467-1520 Claimed Brazil for Portugal
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Bartholomew diaz
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1487-1488 porugeuse explorer
first to reach the southern tip of Arfica |
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Sir Francis Drake
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1540-1596 English sea captian, robbed spanish treasure ships, "singed the king beard"
involved in the fighting the Spanish Armada 1588 |
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Ferdinand and isabella
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Monarchs who united Spain
responsible for the reconquista |
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Encomienda
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Indians were required to work a certain number of days for a land owner, but had their own lan d to work as well
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Vasco da Gama
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1496-1524 sailed form Portugal fot India
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Prince Henry the Navigator
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Prince of Portugal who established an observatory and school of navigation at Sagres and directed voyages that spurred the growth of Portugal's colonial empire
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Ferdinand Magellan
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1480?-1521 Portugeuse navigator
while trying to find a western route to Asia, was killed in the Phillipines. One of his ships returned to Spain (1522), completing the first circumnavigation of the globe |
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Sir Walter Raleigh
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1552-1616- English courtier, navigator, colonizer and writer. A favorite of Elizabeth I, introduced Tobacco and the potato to Europe. Convicted of treason by James I,
released for another expedition to Guiana and executed after its failure. |
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Treaty of Tordesillas 1493
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Set the Line of Demarcation which was boundary to define Spanish and Portuguesse possessions in the Americas
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Giovanni de Verranzo
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1485-1528 Italian explorer of the Atlantic coast of North America
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