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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Renaissance humanism drew its main inspiration from...
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The classical languages and literature
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Advocates of northern humanism believed...
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The fusion of Christian and classical ideas
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Factor in the spread of humanist culture...
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Printing press
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Religion supplies the pretext and gold the motive; refers to?
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Spanish and Portuguese expansion in the new world
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Beginning in 1452, which family became Holy Roman Emperors?
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Habsburgs
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What caused inflation in the 16th century?
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The influx of precious metals and an increasing population
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Result of the Council of Trent?
(2 things) |
Reform within the Catholic church
Reaffirmation of church doctrine |
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Difference between Calvinism and Lutheranism?
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Predestination
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Salvation of faith alone, ministry of all believers, and authority of Bible, is associated with which religion?
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Lutheranism
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Martin Luther initially criticized Church because of...
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The selling of indulgences
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The German Peasants Revolt resulted from....
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A combination of new religious ideas and peasant demands
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Purpose of the Peace of Augsburg?
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End the civil war between the Lutherans and the Catholics in the German states
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Where was Calvinism influential?
(4 countries) |
Scotland, Switzerland, France, and the Netherlands
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Martin Luther's beliefs
(5 things) |
Justification by faith
Authority of scripture Priesthood of all believers No indulgences 2 sacraments |
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Habsburg possessions (Charles V)
(4 countries) |
Spain
Austria Netherlands Mexico |
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Canon law
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Church law
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Gustavus Adolphus was...
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A major participant in the Thirty Years' War
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The Edict of Nance...
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Recognized the rights of French protestants
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Who led Europe in shipbuilding, navigation, etc., in the 17th century?
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Netherlands
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Result of the Peace of Westphalia?
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Guaranteed the independence of the German states
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Result of the Thirty Years' War?
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The political fragmentation of the Holy Roman Empire was maintained
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Why did Louis XIV build Versailles?
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To keep an eye on the nobility
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What kind of government did England have after Charles I was defeated?
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Military dictatorship led by Oliver Cromwell
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Result of the Glorious Revolution?
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Limited the monarch's power
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Why was the system of intendants established in France?
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Implement royal policies locally and keep an eye on the nobles
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Describe mercantilist economic policy
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A bullionist approach to building self sufficiency
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Where did the Hanover dynasty come from?
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Germany
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Which countries defied the pattern of absolute government in the 17th century?
(2 countries) |
England and the Netherlands
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Who was most often tried as witches?
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Old women
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Who provided mathematical formula supporting Copernican theory?
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Kepler
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Why did Peter the Great establish St. Petersburg?
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To copy the west
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Why did Charles VI issue the Pragmatic Sanction?
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To insure that the Habsburg lands wouldn't be divided
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Describe the political system of the Dutch in the 17th century
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Rule by wealthy mercants (oligarchy)
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Why did Peter the Great reform the Russian army?
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He was trying to gain access to the Baltic coast / ice free ports
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Why did Sweden fade as a great power?
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The expansion of Russia
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Characteristics of absolute states in the 17th and 18th century?
(4 things) |
Large standing armies
Weak nobles Strong centralized bureaucracies Close association of church and monarchy |
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Difference between parliament and parlement?
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Parliament: English legislature
Parlement: French judicial courts |
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What country rose rapidly to power in the 18th century?
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Prussia
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How did Frederick the Great contribute to Prussia's rise?
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Annexed Cilesia
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Population in 18th century Europe...
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Increased rapidly
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Industrial Revolution involved new techniques in...
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Textile production
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What contributed to population growth in the 18th century?
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Introduction of new food staples
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What did young peasant women do in the 18th century?
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Left home to work as domestic servants
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Describe the enclosure movement
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Fencing of command farmland in England
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Where did the Agricultural Revolution begin?
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Great Britain and the Netherlands / the lowlands
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Number 46
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Enclosure movement
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Invention in Western Europe during the 15th and 16th century?
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Answer: flying shuttle
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Central to the development of early Industrial Revolution...
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Shift from human and animal power to mechanical power
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Largest city in Europe in the 18th century...
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London
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Eastern Orthodox Church in what country?
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Russia and the Balcans
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Characteristics of ancient regime?
(4 things) |
Aristocratic elites (nobles)
State religions Guilds Feudal dues |
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Cause of urban riots...
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Bread prices
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Mercantilism is defined....
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Government intervention to secure a favorable balance of trade
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Chief foreign policy aim of Great Britain during the 18th century...
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Trying to prevent France from becoming too powerful
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Mercantilism was characterized by...
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A governments efforts to build a strong self sufficient economy
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Imperial rivalries in the 18th century?
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France, Great Britain, Spain
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Between 1650 - 1750, what was the most valuable export from the New World?
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Sugar
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Why was Frederick the Great viewed as an enlightened despot?
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Because of his policies of religious toleration
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How did philosophes believe society could best achieve progress?
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Scientific empiricism
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Where would you find salons?
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Paris during the enlightment
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Adam Smith strongly advocated a policy of...
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Free trade with minimal government interference in the economy
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Great happiness of greatest number of people
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Utilitarianism
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Enlightened monarchs supported
(4 things) |
Education
Administrative reform Economic productivity Religious toleration |
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Catherine II's greatest territorial triumph...
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Poland
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Wealth of Nations advocated a system of...
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Free trade
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Who are the enlightened monarchs?
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Frederick the Great
Catherine the Great Joseph II |
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Adam Smith maintained that...
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Competition is socially beneficial
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What activities did Adam Smith think were appropriate for a national government?
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Military / defending the state against foreign invasion
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Western population did which of the following during the 18th century?
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Steady and substantial growth
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Principal rivals in trade during the 17th century?
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France, Great Britain, Spain
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Most influential publication of the 18th century?
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Encyclopedia
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John Locked believed that individuals were born...
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Tabula rasa
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What led to the convening of the Estates General?
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Impending bankruptcy of the French government
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Who wrote a critique of the French Revolution from the conservative view?
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Edmund Burke
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Sequence of events that led to the French Revolution?
(3 things) |
Royal financial crises
Convening of the Estates General Storming of the Bastille |
