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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Triple Alliance
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1881
Italy joined Germany and Austria Italy wanted support for its ambitions in Mediterranean and Africa |
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Russian-German Reinsurance Treaty
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1887
Agreement between Russia and Germany of neutrality if either one went to war with another country, arranged by Bismarck Russia wanted to renew it Kaiser Wilhelm refused to renew it after Bismarck ousted Wilhelm wanted closer ties to Austria |
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Anglo-Japanese Alliance
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Japan agreed to neutrality if Russia became a threat to India
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Triple Entente
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1907
Britain, France, Russia a response to the Triple Alliance not formal; just principleLay Down Your Arms |
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Bertha von Suttnet
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Bertha von Suttner
Inspired peace movements in Austria and Germany First woman to win Nobel Peace Prize |
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Dreadnoughts
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WWI: super battleships with awesome firing range
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Kruger Telegram
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triggered British anger
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Algeciras Conference
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1906 settled the first Morroccan Crisis
Kaiser urged Moroccan independence in spite of France having claimed it Britain and Italy supported France |
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Pan-slavism
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united slavs for Russia
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First Balkan Crisis
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Bosnian Crisis
Young Turksled by Ataturk (Mustafa Kemal Pasha) set up a parliamentary government in the Ottoman Empire progressive |
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Young Turks
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Ataturk set up a parliamentary government in Ottoman Empire
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First Balkan War
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1912
Serbia Greece Bulgaria allied to successfully drive the Turks out of the Balkans Fighting lasted less than 1 month Most of the Blkan territory now divided among Balkan states Serbia wanted access to Adriatic, but blocked by Austria creation of Albania |
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Second Balkan War
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1913
Bulgaria angry at Serbia and Greece more territory in 1st Balkan War than Bulgaria Serbia defeated Bulgaria and temporarily gained Albania Russia backed Serbia |
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Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand
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Heir to the Austrian throne assassinated by a Serbian nationalist, member of Black hand, Gavrilo Princip while Franz Ferdinand touring in Bosnia
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Central Powers
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Triple Alliance
Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Bulgaria |
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Allies
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Triple Entete
britain, France, Russia, later Japan Italy and US |
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Western Front
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Schlieffen Plan
west germany, east France |
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Schleffen Plan
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invade France through belgium, defeat France quickly by sweeping around Paris and redeploying easta to defeat Russia
reasonable |
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Battle of the Marne
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Germany came within sight of Paris, French and British forces pushed Germans back
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Battle of Verdun
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Feb 1916
France lost 540,000 German lost 430,000 French General Petain a national hero |
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Battle of the Somme
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July 1916
British and French offensive to braek through German lines Britain lost 420,000 France lost 200,000 Germany lost 650,000 |
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All Quiet on the Western Front
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film by Erich Remarque (1929)
horrors of trench warfare |
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U-Boats
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first by Germans (most important reason US entered war)
submarines |
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General von Hindenburg...General von Ludendorf
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german generals defeated Russian armies at Tannenburg
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Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
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12-17
Lenin took Russia out of war. Cost him 1/4 of Russian territory |
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T.E. Lawrence
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Lawrence of Arabia
British officer who had major victories against Turks dressed like Arab Britain gained support of Arab tribes whor esented Ottoman rule |
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Lusitania
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1915
sunk by U boats 1200 died Germany unrestricted submarine warfare |
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Archangel Expedition
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summer 1918
allies invade Russia to prevent Bolshevik victory Allies sent troops to Siberia to prevent Japanese control of region and to rescue stranded Dzechs prolong Russian Civil War |
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Clemenceau
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ruled in France with virtual dictatorship
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Zimmerman Note
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German note to Mexico, keep US busy is US entered European war. Mexico rece3ive lost lands to the north
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Balfour Note
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Arabs and Jews in palestine promised autonomy if they joined allies
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Wilson
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Us president
14 points |
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14 oints
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wilson
1-5: eliminateion of general causes of war 6-13: self determination 14: league of nations |
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League of Nations
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14th point
Germany, Russia, US out Wilson failed |
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Paris Peace Conference
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Big Four, central powers not included
Ended WWI |
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Big Four
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Wilson: US
Lloyd George: England Clemencau: France Orlando: Italy |
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Versailles Treaty
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1919 ended WWI
Mandates former colonies belonging to centrtal powers mcuh of middle east now controlled by England ARTICLE 231: wwwi germany's fault German reparations |
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Article 231
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placed sole blame for war on Germany
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John Maynard Keynes
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Economic COnsequences of the PEace
predicted harsh terms of the treaty would hurt Germany's economy, and therefore the economy of the rest of Europe and lead to significant political unrest |
