Ap Euro: Ch19: The French Revolution: 1-69

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abolished the parlements and increase taxes on nobility; program of reform; doom was death of Louis XV

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Rene Maupeau

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produced public report that financial situation not that bad; expences for American war are removed; revelaed a portion of royal expenditures went to aristocrats and favorites; made ot difficult for later gov. officials to claim need to raise new taxes

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Jacques Necker

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proposed to encourage internal trade, lower taxes

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Charles Alexandre de Calonne

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taxes -like on salt

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Gabelle

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aristocrats and church; Calonne tries to seek support for plan; they refused action but demanded more share of gov

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Assembly of Notables

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replaced Calonne; found that situation was as bad as Calonne said; sought to impose land tax

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Etienne Charles Lemenie de Breinne

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Brienne appeals to them; to approve large subsidy to allow funding of that part of debt coming due for payment; refused and reduced existing contribution

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Assembly of Clergy

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Assembly of Clergy reducing existing contributions

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don gratuit

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French aristocracy froced Louis to call into order; the political situation changed-forces unleashed

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Estates General

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clergy

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First Estate

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nobliity

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Second Estate

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everyone else in kingdom

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Third Estate

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catures spirit of third estate: it is everything. use to be nothing and now wants to become something

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Abbe Sieyes/ "What is the Third Estate"

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lists of grievances that representatives brought to royal palace

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cahiers de doleances

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king requested 1/2 estate meet with NA; where voting would occur--assembly of all three orders

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June 27th: National Assembly

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oath to continue to sit until they had given France a constitution

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Tennis Court Oath

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composed of all three estates who shared liberal goals and reform

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National Constitution Assembly

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lower class people march there in search of weapons; were shot at; stormed castle; no weapons

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July 14th: Fall of Bastille

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attack on Bastille-days on which the populace of Paris redirected course of revolution

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journess

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rumers spread of troops sent to rural districts; intenseified peasant revolts---burning of records etc. and refusal to pay feudal dues

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Great Fear/ chateaux

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men born free and equal; etc; set forth a statement of political principles

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"Declaration of the Rights of Man"

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in Declaration of Right; the natural rights of man

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"liberty, property, security and resistance to opposition"

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armed women marched o Versailles demanding more bread; king agreed to danction decrees; 1st example of pop insurrection

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Parisian Women's march

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product of National Con. Assembly; establish constitutional monarchy; monarch allowed to suspensive veto

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Constitution of 1791

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major political authority on nation--all laws originate; power of peace and war

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Legislative Assembly

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men paying annumal taxes equal to 3 days of local labor wages

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active citizens

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those who could not vote--women

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passive citizens

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addressed to Queen Marie Antoinette-women be reguarded as citizens

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1791: Olympe de Gouges: "Declaration of the Rights of Women"

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created after old french provences were abolished; named after river, mountain, etc.; equal in size

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83 depatrments

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assembly crushed attempts of urban workers to protect their wages--forbade workers associations

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June 14, 1791: Chapelier Law

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assembly didn't repudiate royal debt; secided to finance it by confiscating ans selling RC property; results are fruther inflation, svhis, civil war

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confiscation of the church lands

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after plunder, assembly issues gov bonds--value guaranted by the revenue generated from property sale

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December 1789: assignates

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transformed RCC in France into branch of secular state; bishops reduced; provided for election of priests

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July 1790: Civil Constitution of the Clergy

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clergy who did't take oath to support Civil Constitution

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"refractory" priest

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aristocrates who left France ans settled in countries near border where they sought to foment counterrevolution

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"emigres"

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left paris; recognized in Varennes; soldiers escorted family back; NCA announced that king had been abducted

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Louis flight to Varennes

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Emperor Leopold II and Fredrick William II--promised to intervene in France to protect royal family if other major Euro powers agreed

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Auguest 27, 1791: Declaration of Pillmitz

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best organized of Third Estates clubs composed of political people; established network of local clubs over provences

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Jacobins

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In Legislative Assembly-a group of Jacobins assumed leadership called what; determined to oppose counterrevolution; ordered emigers to return

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Girondists

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group of women watn right to bear arms and to fight for protection of the revolution

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March 1791: Pauline Leon Petition

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Griondists declare war on Austria gov by Francis II allied with Prussia

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April 20, 1792: Declaration of War: France vs?

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commander; inssued manisfesto promising destruction fo Paris is harm came to French royal family; stiffened support for war

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July 1792: the duke of Brunswick (Prussia)

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destruction of Paris if king harmed; stiffened support for war; increased distrust of king

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manifesto

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under radical working class presure- the gov of Paris passed form the elected coucil to a committee

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Commune

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Paris Commune executed 1,200 people who were in city jails

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September Massacres

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Commune compelled LA to call a meeting; write new constitution

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September 21, 1792: The Convention

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second revolution work of Jacobins more radical than Girondists known as

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Sans-culottes

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Jacobins known as--b/c of their seats high in the assembly hall

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The Mountain

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Louis put on trial as this--the family name of extremely distant forebears of the royal family

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"citizen capet"

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Irish writer; reguarded reconstruction of French administration as application of blind rationalism that ignored historical realities; forecast future issues

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1790: Edmund Burke: "Reflections on the REvolutions in France"

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founded by working class reform group; was surpressed by govt

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1792: London Corresponding Society

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allied nature of Austria, Pussia, britian, Spain, Sardinia, and Holland; attempted to protect social structures etc. against revolution

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April 1793: First Coalition

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outbreak of war; issue was new political/social order; extreem actions were taken

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ch19: Reign of Terror

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carry out executive duties of govt; dictorial power;

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April 1793: Committee of Public Safety

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leader in C of PS; powerful member;

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Maximilien Robespierre

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a military requisition on the entire populace

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Levee en masse

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believed they had socitey that civic virtue would flourish in place of monary corruption; re-name streets, new dress, no whigs, no prostitution

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Republic of Virtue

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Leon/Lacombe--fight internal enemies of the revolution; militant citizens

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May 1793: Society of Revolutionary Republican Women

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Convention declared Cathedral Notre Dame__

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November 1793: Temple of Reason

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definition uncertian; included those who might aid other Euro powers, endangered virtue, and opposed policies

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The "enemy" (of the revolution)

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Robespierre thought the worship of "Reason" was too abstract for citizens and created ___; reflected his vision of civic religion that would induce morality

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"Cult of the Supreme Being"

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members of Convention shouted him down when he rose to make another speech

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July 27: Ninth of Thermidor

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tempering of the revoluton; destruction of the machinery of terror and institution of new constitutional regime; resulat of feeling that revolt had bacome too radical

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The Thermidorian Reaction

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executions of former terrorists marked beginning of it

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"the white terror"

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dragged suspected terrorists from prisons and murdered them

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"bands of Jesus"

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Convention concluded peace with Prussia and Spain

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1795: Treaty of Basel

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faced unrest; Babeuf called for more radical democracy; it was intended to resist any fruther social changes in France that might endanger property

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The Directory

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