Ap Euro: Ch 13: Paths To Constitutionalism And Absolution: 1-104

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term applied to strong centralized monarchies that attempt to make royal power dominant over nobles and other authorities

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Absolution

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-succeeses Elizabeth to throne
-not popular; Scot; divided church; royal debt; difficult situation

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James I

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-James I; advocated divine right of king-expected to rule with minimum consultation beyond court

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1598: "A Trew Law of Free Monarchies"

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-James needed incom; new custom duties levyed on authority of ill-desined privileges claimed to ve attatched to office of king

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impositions

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-older custom duties that Parliament resented

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tonnage/ poundage's

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-Puritians first dealing with James I; statement of their grievances- offened king

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1604: Millitary Petition

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-permitted games of Sunday for people who attemd Church of England services

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1618: "Book of sports"

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-puritans founded in America perferring flight to conformity

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1620: Plymouth

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late 1620's larger better financed puritans form

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Massachusetts Bay Colony

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-influential 'favorite'; rumored to be kings lover; controled royal patronage sold peerages and titles

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duke of Buckingham

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-peace reduced pressures on revenue and power of Parliament over king; subjects viewed peace as sign of pro-catholic

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1604: Peace with Spain

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-daughter of king of Spain; James I tried to mary his son to one

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Infanta

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-for war with Spain levied tariffs adn duties

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Charles I

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tax theoretically to be repaid

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forced Loan

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Parliament expressed displeasure by making kings request for funds conditional on recognition of ___
-declaration of constitutional freedom required that henceforth there should be no forced loans or taxation without parliament consent, and so forth

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1628: Petition of Right

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-term used to condemn Charles high-church policies

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"popery"

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-Charles chief minister; instituted policy known as thorough to allow him to rule without renogotiating financial arrangements with Parliament

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Thomas Wentworth

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-imposed efficiency and administrative centralization; done by Wentworth

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thorough

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tax over all england-normally levied only on costal areas to pay for naval protection

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ship money

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-first Charles religious advisor and then archishop of Canterbury; favored powerful bishops
-denied puritans right to publish and preach

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William Laud

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-Charles and Laud against Puritans and Scots tried to impose Scotland the English episcopal sys. and prayerbook almost identical to ___

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Anglican "Book of Common Prayer"

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Led Parliament to refuse funds for war until king redress list of political nad religious issues

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John Pym

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king in response to Pym and parliament refusal dissolved parliament

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Short Parliament

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when presbyterian Scots invaded england and defeated army at___charles reconvened parliament

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1640: Battle of Newburn

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acted with support; those who supported it resented king and rule; no more takes without permission and such

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Long Parliament

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judgement of treason entailing loss of civil rights

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Parliamentary Bill of Attainder

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parliament to charles; 200 some article summary of popular and parliamentary grievances against crown

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1641: Grand Remonstrance

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gave parliament authority to raise own army in response to Charles invading parliament and then raising his army

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militia ordinance

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charles supporters; locatted NW in england

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Cavaliers

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parliamentary supporters called___b/c of close-cropped hair, located SE

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Roundheads

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committed Parliament with the Scots, to a Presbyterian sys of church gov
-scots could never be confronted with attempt to impose prayerbook on them

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1643: Solemn League and Covenant

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-squire, parliamentary army, favored nither episcopal sys nor Presbyterian-tolerate majority church only if permitted Proterstant disenters to worship outside it

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Oliver Cromwell

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cromwells newly recognized forces-won battle over king at Naseby

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New Model Army

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-barred presbyterians-majority of parliament-from taking their seats;

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Colonel Thomas Pride

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when he bars presbyterian parliament members form seats

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"Pride's Purge"

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fewer than 50 members remained in parliament

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"rump"

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presbyterians kickined out; still used power-executed charles; became revolution

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Rump Parliament

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1649-1660 england became___
dominated by cromwell

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Puritian Republic

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Cromwell military man; irritated at parliament; House of Commons entertained motion to disband his army; responded by marching in and disbanding prliament; ruled after as

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Lord Protector

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cromwell became hated; at death public ready to try republican political; negotiations b/t leaders of the army of charles II

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Stuart Restoration

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-new tone after puritanism; his restoration returned englad statas quo; secret catholic sympathies; favored religious tolerance; free worship loyal to throne

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Charles II

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series of laws- parliament excluded RCC, presbyterians, and Independents from relgious and political life of the nation

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Clarendon Code

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required all imports to be carried either in english ships or in ships registered to country from which cargo orgininated

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1651: Navigation Acts

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England and France formally allied with Dutch; charles secretly pledged to announce conversion to Catholicism and Louis would pay subsidy to england

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1670: Treaty of Dover

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suspended all laws against RCC and Protestant nanconformists but parliament refused to grant money for war

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1672: Declaration of Indulgence

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required all officials of crown to swear oath against doctrine of transubstantiation

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Test Act

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-notorious liar-swore that charles chatholic wife was ploting with jesuits and irishman to kill king-parliament believed him

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Titus Oates

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created by Oates- several people killed

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Popish Plot

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-lead by ealr of Shaftesbury-opposition of parliament-made impressive eddort to enact a bill excluding Hames from succession to throne(unseccessful)

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Whigs

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support king and hereditary succession

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Tories

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-did not know how to make the most of a good thing; disolved parliament; declaration of indulgence; goal absoultion

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James II

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leader of european opposition to louis XIV; invaded-received w/ out opposition;

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William III of Orange and Mary

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william and mary on throne-

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"Glorious Revolution"

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limited power of monarchy and guaranteed civilliberties of english priviliged classes; RC can never occupy throne

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Bill of Rights

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permitted worship by all protestants but outlawd RC and anti-trinitarians

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Toleration Acts of 1689

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provided for english crown to go to protestant house of haover in germany if none of children of Queen Anne, last of staurt monarchs, were alive at her death

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1701: Act of Settlement

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in germany; elector of it became King George I

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House of Hanover

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glorious revolution established framework of gov.
-in work described relationship of king and people as bilateral contrast; if king broke contract, priviliged can depose him

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1609: "Second Treatise of Government" John Locke

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-absolute monarchy; sought glory; centeral authority-worked with nobles (give and take) but king absolute

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Louis XIV

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Louis subjected all subjects to___

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"one king, one law, one faith"

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an agressive ruler who sought glory (the word for glory)

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la gloire

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Henry IV targets to curtail privileges of French nobility

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parlements

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royal servants-subjected these privileged groups to stricter supervision, implementing kings will
-prevent abuses from the sale of royal offices

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intendents

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finance minister-established gov. monopolies on gunpowder, mines, and salt

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duke of Sully

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labor tax that created national force of drafted workers employed to improve roads and internal travel

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corvee

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kings chief advisor; loyal, shrewd, aspired to make France a supreme European power; church best served both his own ambition and welfare of France

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Cardinal Richelieu

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truncated Edict of Nantes by denying Protestants right to maintain garrisoned cities, political organ., indenpendent courts

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1629: Peace of Alias

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reason of state

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raison d'etat

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placed reins of gov. in hands of Cardinal Mazarin; queen mother

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Queen Anne of Austria

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continued Richelieu's policy of centrailzation

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Cardinal Marzarin

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slingshot used by boys; rebellions

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Fronde

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initiated revolt and nobility soon followed

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Parlemant of Paris

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Louis wrote in memoirs that Fronde caused him to hate__

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"kings of straw"

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Bossuet taught-examples old testament rulers divinely appointed by God.

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Divine Right of kings

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tutor-concept of royal authority; traditional rights of king and church against pope in matters of ecclesiastical appointments-taught Louis

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Bishop Jacques-Benigne Bossuet

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I am the state

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"L'etat, c'est moi"

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Louis XIV court-used it to exert political control

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Versailles

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life in France revolved around king like world around sun

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Sun King

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intra-Catholic opposition to theology and political influence of Jesuits

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Jansenism

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Flemish theologian and bishop of Ypres--assailed Jesuit teaching on grace and salvation

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Cornelius Jansen, "Augunstine"

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became Jansenist allies-sdding political elemnt to their theological obj. to Jesuits
-believed that Jesuits had been behind assassination of Henry IV

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Arnaulds

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Arnauld critized Jesuits for confessional practices that permitted easy redress of most sin

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1643: On Frequent Commnuion

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Jesuit response to "On Frequent Communion" condemned Jansenists

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"cryto-Calvinist"

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most famous of all Jansen's followers; objected to Hesuit moral theology; felt that its rationalism failed to do full justice to religion

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Bascal, Provinical Letters

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Louis permitted papal bull; enforced in France, banning Jansenism-they either retracted views or went underground

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1666 (1656): Ad Sacram Sedem

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controller feneral of finances-created economic base Louis needed to finance wars-worked to centralize French economy; tried to organize economic activites under state supervision and regulate

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John-Battiste Colbert

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direct tax on peasents and source of royal income

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tallie

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term invented by later critics of the policy; close gov. of economy; aim max. foreign exports and internal reserves

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mercantilism

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was minister; instituted good salaries in army, improved discipline, limited military commissions and introduced promotion by merit

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Louvois

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military engineering; perfected arts of fortifying and besieging towns; devised sys of trench warfare and developed defensive frontiers; remained basic military tatics through WWI

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Sebastien Vauban

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Louis 1st foreign adventure- fought over his calim to the Spanish Belgin provances

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War of Devolution

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Louis's wife- had to renounce claim to Spanish throne on condition that 500,000 was paid to Louis-not met

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Marie Therese

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England, Sweden, United Holland-force sufficent to compel Louis to agree to peace under Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle

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Triple Alliance

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England and France against Dutch-Triple crumbled-Louis in position to invade Netherlands

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1670: Treaty of Dover

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enemies saw him as such-menance to western Europe

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"Christian Turk"

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ended 2nd war-teritoral adjustments-no clear victoryexcept Netherlands retained all territory

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Peace of Nijmwegen: 1678-1679

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Louis made move to religious conformity-major blunder

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1685: Revocation of Edict of Nantes

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resists French expansion into Germany-England, Spain, Swenden, Holland, Bavaria, Saxony, Palatinate

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1686: League of Ausburg

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long war-league and France-ended when stalement forced them to Peace of Ryseick

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Nine Years War

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Charles II b/c gentitic deformities adn illness

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"The Sufferer"

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England, Holland, HRE-to counter Louis

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1701: Grande Alliance

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total war of western Europe- France not good, Englland well off,

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War of Spanish Successon (1701-14)

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France signed armistice w/ England

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1713: Treaty of Utrecht: France/ Britian

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concluded hostilites w/ Holland and emperor

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1714: Treaty of Rastatt: France/ Spain

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