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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Ch.10
-describes Renaissance as 'protype of the modern world' -argues in 14/15 century Italy through revival of ancient learnign, new secular and scientific values began to supplant traditional religious beliefs. -result, a release of the 'full, whole nature of man' -wrote |
Jacob Burckhardt/ "Civilization of the REnaissance in Italy"
#1 Ch.10 |
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Ch.10
-took shape within cities of late midieval Italy -trade-rich cities expanded to -growth assisted by endemic warfare b/t emperor and pope |
city-states
#2 Ch10 |
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-part of Venice oligarchy, power at patrician sentate of 300 -ruthless judical body, anticipated and suppressed rival groups |
Council of Ten
#3 ch10 |
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-nobles and merchants who traditionally ruled the city -first of four social groups |
grandi
#4 ch10 |
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-second social group of florance -emergent newly rich merchants -capitalists and bankers |
popolo grosso
#5 ch10 |
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Ch10
-'little people' -lower economic class -1/3 of florence poulation |
popola minuto
#6 ch10 |
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-Cosimo de' Medici; controlled Florence --tyranny, absolute power, ruler exercises absolute power |
despotism
#7 ch10 |
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-wealthiest Florentine; statesman; controlled city internally from behind scenes-manipulates constitution, elections |
Cosimon de' Medici
# 8 ch10 |
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-council finrst of 6 then of 8 that governed Florence |
Signoria
# 9 ch10 |
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-dominant groups hired strongman to prevent internal social conflict and foreign intrigue from paralyzing cities -maintain law and order -given executive, military, judical power -mandate: permit normal flow of business activity without which no one couls long survive |
podesta
#10 ch10 |
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-military brokers that provided merchant armies |
condottieri
#11 ch10 |
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-Kristeller: no particular philosophy or value system but an educational program that concentrated on rhetorical and sound scholarship for their own sake -was study of Latin and Greek classics and Church fathers |
Humanism
#12 ch10 |
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liberal arts program of study that embraced grammar, rhetorical poetry, history, politics, and moral philosophy |
studia humantitatis
#13 ch10 |
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-help form cornerstones of Italian vernacular literature |
Dante/ "Divine Comedy (3 books)"
#14 ch10 |
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-also pioneer of humanists -100 bawdy tales told by 3 men and 7 women in country retreat form plague -stinging social commentary and sympathetic look at human behavior -encyclopedia of Greek and Roman mythology |
Giovanni Boccaccio/ "Decameron"
#15 ch10 |
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-celebrated ancient Rome, -fancied personal letters to Cicero, Livy, Virgil and Horace -classical and christial values exist in his work |
Petrarch/ "Letters to hte Ancient Dead"
#16 ch10 |
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-illustrates that humanist learning not confined to classroom -pratical guide for nobility at court Urbino; enbodied highest ideals of Italian humanism -depicts successful courties as one who knew how to integrate knowledge of language, history with athletic, military, music, with good manners, high moral character |
Baldassare Castiglioe/ "Book of the Courtier"
#17 ch10 |
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-nobelwoman wh oplayed role in cout education and culture -received fine education; became expert in classical, french/italian language and lit. -chronical of accomplishments of the great women of history |
Christine de Pisan/ "The City of Ladies"
#18 ch10 |
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-not a formal school, but gathering of influencial Florintine humanists devoted to revival of works of Plate and Neoplationists |
Florentine Academy
#19 ch10 |
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-flattering view of human nature -distinguished between eternal sphere of being and the perishable world in which humans lived -human reason beleive dto belong to former |
Platonism
#20 ch10 |
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-platonic influence -most famous Renaissance statement on anture of huma kind -introduction to 900 theses intended to serve as basis for a public debate on life important topics -depict humans as creatures who possesed freedom to do whatever |
Pico Della Mirandola/ "The Oration of the Dignity of Man"
#21 ch10 |
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-popular among protestants -defense of predestination against the advocatd of free will -exposed document purported to be grant of vast territories made by 4th century emperor |
Lorenzo Valla/ "Donation of Constantine"
#22 ch10 |
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-examples of humanist leadership of the political and culture life |
civic humanism
#23 ch10 |
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-father of Renaissance painting -painted natural world; still filled woth religious seriousness, work was not abstract and unnatural |
Giotto
#24 ch10 |
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-sculpter; portrayed world more literally and naturaly |
Donatello
#25 ch10 |
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-true master of many skills -great painter, military engineer, scientific experiments, anatomy, botanist -mofern machines; convey emotions through facial expressions |
Leonardo Da Vinci/ "Renaissane Man"
#26 ch10 |
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-man of sensitivity and kind -portrayal of great masters of western philosophy as a virtually perfect example of Renaissance technique -depicts plato and aristotle surrounded by philosophers and scientists |
Raphael/ "The School of Athens"
#27 ch10 |
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-godlike sculpture; harmony, symmetry, proportion; emotion and dignity -10,000 ft.; 4 yr. did all himself |
Michelangelo/ "David and Sistine Chapel"
#28 ch10 |
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-maintained internal cooperation adn safety from invasion -brought Milan and Naples into alliance with Florence-stood for decades against Venice |
1494: Treaty of Lodi
#29 ch10 |
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-convinced most of Florence that the French king's arrival was a long delayed and fully justified divine vengance on their immorality -revolutionized population and they exiled Piero |
Girolamo Savonarola
#30 ch10 |
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-Ferdinand hoped to expand his kingdom but found himself vulnerable to a French-Italian axis -created___with Venice, Papal States, Maximilian against French -set stage for conflict b/t France and Spain |
The Holy League
#31 ch10 |
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ch10
-succeeded Alexander VI -suppressed Borgias and placed conquored lands Romagna under papal juristiction -_____ b/c he brougt the Renaissance papacy to a peak of military prowess and diplomatic intrigue |
Pope Julius II/ "the warrior pope"
#32 ch10 |
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-humanists Erasmus, witnessed a bullfight in papal palace during visit to Rome -wrote popular satire called -described the popes unsuccessful efforts to convence Saint Peter that he was worthy of admission to Heaven |
"Julius Excluded from Heaven"
#33 ch10 |
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-French won it from Italy/Swiss when they invaded a 3rd time -gave French king control over French clergy in exchange for French recognition of popes superiority over church councils and right to collect annates in France -compromise helped keep France Catholic after Protestant Reformation |
1516: Concordat of Bologna
#34 ch10 |
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-humanist, impressed w/ way Romans rulers and citizens defended land; possesed virtu -republican ideals -The Prince |
Niccolo Machiavelli
#35 ch10 |
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-nobility and towns acted in degrees of unity and success by evolving representative assemblies to twart centralization of royal power |
Cortes
#36 ch10 |
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-nobility and towns acted in degrees of unity and success by evolving representative assemblies to twart centralization of royal power |
French Estates General
#37 ch10 |
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-rulers demonstrated that the law was their creature -appointed civil servants whose vision was no longer merely local or regional -royal ministers/ agents |
corregidores
#38 ch10 |
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salt tax |
gabelle
#39 ch10 |
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10% slaes tax om commercial transactions |
alcabala
#40 ch10 |
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-French kings independently determined year to year after Estates General suspended, was a tax on peasents through assemblies of priviliged classes |
taille
#41 ch10 |
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-developed Frenches strong economy -independent merchant banker -also, diplomatic corps, national administrationg during Chales reign |
Jacques Coeur
#42 ch10 |
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-union combinded two kingdoms -subdue realm, secure borders, military, Christanize Spain -total control pf Spanish church, overseas exploration |
Ferdinand of Aragon/ Isabella of Castile
#43 ch10 |
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-powerful league of cities and towns that served them against stubborn landowners |
Hermandad
#44 ch10 |
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Isabellas confessor -ran letter and was key to national agency to monitor converted jews and muslims -officer of the Inquisition |
Tomas de Torquemada
#45 ch10 |
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converted Jews |
conversos
#46 ch10 |
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converted Muslims |
moriscos
#47 ch10 |
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-following 100 yr war; england internal warfare b/t York and Lancaster |
War of the Roses
#48 ch10 |
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-sanctioned by pasliament; intended to end perversion of english justice by 'over might subjects'; powerful nobles who used intimidation to win favorable verdicts on cases |
Court of the Star Chamber
#49 ch10 |
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-established 7 member electoral college; group functioned as administratvie body -elected emperor and provided transregional unity -emperor and german rulers |
1356: Golden Bull
#50 ch10 |
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-control feuding -7 electors, nonelectoral princes, and represent. from 65 imperial free cities -imperial diet |
Reichstag
#51 ch10 |
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-created climate favorable to religious and educated reforms -stimulated by Italian learning -diverse social backgrounds, devoted religious reforms |
northern humanist
#52 ch10 |
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-invented printing with movable type |
Johann Gutenberg/ printing press
#53 ch10 |
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-most famous northern humainist; educational and religious reformer; tutoring; latin dialogues |
Desiderius Erasmus
#54 ch10 |
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-latin dialogues; intended to teach how to speak and live, manners, language -published under |
"Colloquies"
#55 ch10 |
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-ancient and contemporary proverbs -published under -"leave no stone unterned" -"where there is smoke there is fire" |
"Adages"
#56 ch10 |
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-Erasmus beliefs -ethical piety in imataion of Christ |
philosophia Christi
#57 ch10 |
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-Christendoms Bible for over 1000 yr. -Eramus made improvments on it |
"Vulgate"
#58 ch10 |
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-all Erasmus books on |
"Index of Forbidden Books"
#59 ch10 |
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-father of german humanism -spent years in Italy and introduced Italian learnign to germany when returned |
Rudolf Agricola
#60 ch10 |
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-knight, gave german humanism a nationalist coloring hostile to non-german cultures, particularly Roman |
Ulrich von Hutten
#61 ch10 |
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-cause that brought von Hutten onto the historical stage and unified reform-minded gernam humanists |
Reuchlin affair
#62 ch10 |
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-english humanist -Utopia |
Thomas More
#63 ch10 |
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-conservative critism of cntemporary society -imaginary society based on readon and tolerance that overcame social and political injustice |
Utopia
#64 ch10 |
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-confessor to Isabella and Grand Inquistador-protestant reformation -enfore religious orthodoxy |
Jimenez de Cisneros
#65 ch10 |
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-sponsor Portugese exploration of African coast-gold trade |
Henry the Navigator
#66 ch10 |
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-opened Portuguese Empire in East when rounded the Cape of Good Hope at tip of Africa |
Bartholomeu Dias
#67 ch10 |
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-reached coast of India, cargo brougt back worth 60 times as much |
Vasco da Gama
#68 ch10 |
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-showed new lands were not the outermost territory of Far East as columbus believed -mosr on pacific ocean -with Magella |
Amerigo Vespucci
#69 ch10 |
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-first globe map of world -showed b/t west coast of Europe and east coast of Asia |
Martin Behaim
#70 ch10 |
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-today latin america -from central mexico into Yucatan and Guatemala and South America -earliest civilization the Olmec |
Mesoamerica
#71 ch10 |
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-much of meaoamerica dominated by -largest urban center -large cities, immense pyramids, math, astronomy |
Teotihuacan/ Maya
#72 ch10 |
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-subservant people until rebelled -period of conquest |
Aztecs
#74 ch10 |
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capital of Aztec -on island in lake |
Tenochtitlan
#75 ch10 |
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-landed on coast of Mexico with 600 men -opened communication, initally believed to be God -appease with gifts -conquored capital |
Hernan Cortes
#76 ch10 |
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-conquered by spanish -highlands of Peru -did conquest, several million subjects, build roads, cities, farm, fight |
Incas
#77 ch10 |
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-sailed from Panama and landed of coast South America to campaign Inca Empire |
Francisco Pizarro
#78 ch10 |
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chief of Incas -killed by Picarro |
Atahualpa
#79 ch10 |
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conquerors |
conquistadors
#80 ch10 |
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one-fifth of mining revenues |
quinto
#81 ch10 |
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persons originally born in Spain |
peninsulares
#82 ch10 |
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persons of Spanish descent born in America |
creoles
#83 ch10 |
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economy produced two major products: food for mining areas and urban and leather goods |
hacienda
#84 ch10 |
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formal grant of the right tothe labor of a specific number of Indians for a time period |
encomiendo
#85 ch10 |
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second labor servitude -adult male Indians devote certain number of labor days annually to Spanich economic enterprises -labor tax |
repartimiento
#86 ch10 |
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-free Indian laborers were required to purchase goods from the landowner or mine owner to whom they become indebted |
debt peonage
#87 ch10 |
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-imposed interregional conformity during middle horizon |
Huari-Tiahuanco
#73 ch10 |