Ap Environmental

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Environment

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Everything that affects a living organism

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Ecology

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A biological science that studies the relationships between living organisms and their environments

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Environmental Science

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Is a study of how earth works, how we interact w/ the earth and how to deal with environmental problems

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Solar Capital

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(Energy from the sun) includes direct sunlight and indirect forms of renewable solar energy

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Natural Capital

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The planet's air, water, soil, wildlife, land, mineral, and energy resources and the processes of natural purification, recycling, and pest control

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Economic GROWTH

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Is an increase in the capacity of a country to provide people with goods and services. This increase requires population growth, more production, consumption per person or both

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Economic Development

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Is the improvement of living standards by economic growth

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Globalization

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The process of social, economic, and environmental global changes that lead to am increasingly interconnected world.

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Affluenza

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The inability to understand the consequences of one's actions because of financial privilege

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Perpetual Resource

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Solar energy-efficient a human time scale renewed continuously

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Renewable Resource

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Can be replenished fairly rapidly through natural processes

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Nonrenewable Resources

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Exist in a fixed quantity or stock in the earth crust

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Ecological footprint

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The amount of biologically productive land and water needed to supply each person or population w/ the renewable resources they use and to absorb or dispose of the wastes from such resource use

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Pollution

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The presence of substances at high enough levels in air, water, soil, or food to threaten the health, survival, or activities of humans and other organisms

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Point Source

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Of pollutants are single, identifiable resources

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No point Sources

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Are pollutants are dispersed and often difficult to identify

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Scientific method

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Ways in which scientists gather data and formulate and test scientific hypotheses, models, and theories, and laws

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Deductive Reasoning

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Involves using LOGIC to arrive at a specific conclusion based on a generalization or premise

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Inductive Reasoning

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Involves using specific observations and measurements to arrive at general conclusion or hypothesis

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Abiotic

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Physical rather than biological, not derived from organisms, NONLIVING

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Biotic

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Relating to or resulting from LIVING things, especially in their ecological relations

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Producers

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An organism/ a green plant or bacterium which is part of the first level of a food chain

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Consumers

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An organism that feeds on plants or other animals for energy

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Herbivores

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An animal that feeds on plants

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Carnivores

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An animal that feeds on meat

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Omnivores

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An animal or person that eats food both of plant and animal origin

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Decomposers

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An organism, especially a soil bacterium, fungus, or invertebrate that decomposes organic material

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Detrivores

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An animal which feeds on dead organic material

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Photosynthesis

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The process by which green plants use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water. It invokes using chlorophyll and generates oxygen as a by product

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Chemosynthesis

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The synthesis of organic compounds by bacteria or other living organisms using energy derived from reactions involving organic chemicals typically in the absence of sunlight

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Biological Diversity

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The variability among living organisms from all sources. This includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems

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Genetic Diversity

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The variety of genetic material within a species or population

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Species Diversity

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The number of Species present in different habitats

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Ecological Diversity

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The variety of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems found in an area or on earth

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Functional Diversity

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The biological and chemical processes such as energy flow

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Food chain

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Determines how energy and nutrients move from one organism to another

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Food web

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Shows how eaters, the eaten, and the decomposed are connected to one another

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What is soil?

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Soil is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms

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Hydrological Cycle

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The continuous circulation of water. Evaporation, transportation, and condensation, precipitation, runofd

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Phosphorus Cycle

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In rocks, water, soil, and sediments

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1st law of thermodynamics

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Energy cannot be created or destroyed but enegery can be changed from one form to another

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2nd law of thermodynamics

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When energy is changed from one form to another, some of the useful energy is always degraded to lower quality, more dispersed, less useful energy

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Prokaryote

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A single called organism that has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles

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Eukaryote

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An organism consisting of a cell or cells in which the genetic material is DNA in the form of chromosomes contained within a distinct nucleus

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Levels or organization

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Species, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere, genetic diversity

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Earths life support systems

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Lithosphere (land), hydrosphere (water), troposphere (inner), stratosphere (outer), biosphere (living/earth)

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Acid

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Lower than 7

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Base

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Greater than 7

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Organic

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Compounds containing carbon atoms combined with each other and with atoms of one or more elements

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Inorganic

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Do not have carbon-Carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds

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Electromagnetic Radiation

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Energy traveling in the form of a wave as a result of changing electric and magnetic fields

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Heat

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Total kinetic energy of all the moving atoms, ions, or molecules

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Temperature

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Is the average speed of motion of the atoms, ions, or molecules in a sample of matter at a given moment

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Law of Conservation of Matter: physical change

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It's chemical composition is not changed

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Law of Conservation of Matter: chemical change:

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There is a change in the chemical composition of the elements or compounds

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Sciences

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Frontier (controverial), sound (widely accepted), junk (presented as sound)

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Feedback loop

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When an output of matter, energy, or info is fed back into the systems as an input and leads to changes in a system

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Positive feedback

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Causes a system to change further in the SAME direction

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Negative feedback

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Causes a system to change in the OPPOSITE direction