Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
age structure
|
Percentage of the population (or number of people of each sex) at each age level in a population.
|
|
birth rate
|
See crude birth rate.
|
|
crude birth rate
|
Annual number of live births per 1,000 people in the population of a geographic area at the midpoint of a given year. Compare crude death rate.
|
|
crude death rate
|
Annual number of deaths per 1,000 people in the population of a geographic area at the midpoint of a given year. Compare crude birth rate.
|
|
death rate
|
See crude death rate.
|
|
demographic transition
|
Hypothesis that countries, as they become industrialized, have declines in death rates followed by declines in birth rates.
|
|
demography
|
The study of the size, composition, and distribution of human populations and the causes and consequences of changes in these characteristics.
|
|
doubling time
|
The time it takes (usually in years) for the quantity of something growing exponentially to double. It can be calculated by dividing the annual percentage growth rate into 70.
|
|
family planning
|
Providing information, clinical services, and contraceptives to help people choose the number and spacing of children they want to have.
|
|
fertility
|
The number of births that occur to an individual woman or in a population.
|
|
immigration
|
Migration of people into a country or area to take up permanent residence.
|
|
infant mortality rate
|
Number of babies out of every 1,000 born each year that die before their first birthday.
|
|
life expectancy
|
Average number of years a newborn infant can be expected to live.
|
|
population change
|
An increase or decrease in the size of a population. It is equal to (Births + Immigration) - (Deaths + Emigration).
|
|
replacement-level fertility
|
Number of children a couple must have to replace them. The average for a country or the world usually is slightly higher than 2 children per couple (2.1 in the United States and 2.5 in some developing countries) because some children die before reaching their reproductive years. See also total fertility rate.
|
|
rule of 70
|
Doubling time (in years) = 70/(percentage growth rate). See doubling time, exponential growth.
|
|
total fertility rate (TFR)
|
Estimate of the average number of children who will be born alive to a woman during her lifetime if she passes through all her childbearing years (ages 15-44) conforming to age-specific fertility rates of a given year. In simpler terms, it is an estimate of the average number of children a woman will have during her childbearing years.
|
|
zero population growth (ZPG)
|
State in which the birth rate (plus immigration) equals the death rate (plus emigration) so that the population of a geographic area is no longer increasing.
|