A.p. English Words

Front 1

Noun

Back 1

Names a person, place, thing, or idea.

Front 2

Pronoun

Back 2

Takes the place of one or more nouns or pronouns.

Front 3

Adjective

Back 3

Modifies a noun or pronoun.

Front 4

Verb

Back 4

Expresses action or state of being.

Front 5

Adverb

Back 5

Modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb.

Front 6

Preposition

Back 6

Shoes the relationship of a noun or pronoun to another word.

Front 7

Conjunction

Back 7

Joins words or word groups.

Front 8

Interjection

Back 8

Expresses emotion.

Front 9

Subject

Back 9

Noun or noun substitute plus all modifiers that tells what the sentence is about.

Front 10

Predicate

Back 10

Verb or verb phrase plus all modifiers, compliments, and objects which tells or asks something about the subject.

Front 11

Sentence

Back 11

Independent grammatical unit containing subject and predicate and expressing a complete thought.

Front 12

Phrase

Back 12

Group of related words used as a single part of speech.

Front 13

Clause

Back 13

Group of related words containing subject and predicate.

Front 14

Independent Clause

Back 14

Can stand alone as a sentence.

Front 15

Dependent Clause

Back 15

Cannot stand alone as a sentence.

Front 16

Parallelism

Back 16

Elements of equal importance are presented in equal, grammatical form.

Front 17

Antithesis

Back 17

Strongly contrasting words, clauses, or sentences.

Front 18

Juxtaposition

Back 18

To place side by side for comparison or contrast.

Front 19

Paradox

Back 19

While seemingly contradictory, may be true or well founded.

Front 20

Oxymoron

Back 20

An antithesis of contiguous, contradictory terms.

Front 21

Listing

Back 21

A continutation of grammatically parallel items.

Front 22

Transition

Back 22

Linking paragraphs or ideas together.

Front 23

Ellipsis

Back 23

One or more words are omitted and supplied by the reader.

Front 24

Asyndeton

Back 24

Words or word phrases usually joind by conjunctions are separated only by commas.

Front 25

Apposition

Back 25

Noun or noun phrase, placed with another, as an explanatory equivalent.

Front 26

Parenthesis

Back 26

A comment which is an interuption of the immediate purpose.

Front 27

Polyseyndeton

Back 27

Placement of a conjunction after every term in a list.

Front 28

Anaphora

Back 28

The same expression is repeated at the beginning of two or more lines, clauses, or sentences.

Front 29

Epistrophe

Back 29

Repetition of the same word or expression at the end of successive phrases, clauses, or sentences.

Front 30

Anadiplosis

Back 30

Repitition at the beginning of a phrase, clause, or sentence of words of which the previous sentence ended.

Front 31

Epanalepsis

Back 31

Repetition at the end of a line phrase or clause of the word or word phrase.

Front 32

Chiasmus

Back 32

Reversing the order of repeated words or phrases.

Front 33

Mono vs. Poly Syllabic

Back 33

One syllable vs. many syllables.

Front 34

Euphonious vs. Cacophonous

Back 34

Pleasant sounding vs. harsh sounding.

Front 35

Literal vs. Figurative

Back 35

Accurate without imbellishment vs. comparison creating a pictorial effect.

Front 36

Denotative vs. Connotative

Back 36

Exact meaning vs. suggested meaning.

Front 37

Objective vs. Subjective

Back 37

Impersonal and unemotional vs. personal and emotional.

Front 38

Active vs. Passive

Back 38

States action vs. states being.

Front 39

Concrete vs. Abstract

Back 39

Specific and tangable vs. conceptual and philosophical.

Front 40

Hyperbolic (overstated) vs. Understated

Back 40

Deliberate exageration of facts vs. misrepresentation of less.

Front 41

Pedestrian vs. Pedantic

Back 41

Laymen's term vs. borish, inflated language.

Front 42

Vulgarity

Back 42

Language deficient in taste and refinement.

Front 43

Slang

Back 43

Vernacular speech. Tends to be from an originated group.

Front 44

Jargon

Back 44

Language specific to a field or profession.

Front 45

Cliche

Back 45

Language used so often it has lost its freshness.

Front 46

Colloquial/dialect

Back 46

Regional or provincial language.

Front 47

Informal

Back 47

Language that is correct but conversational.

Front 48

Formal

Back 48

Language of taste and refinement, appropriate for formal occasions.

Front 49

Assonance

Back 49

Repetition of similar vowel sounds in closely associated words.

Front 50

Consonance

Back 50

Repetition of similar consonant sounds in closely associated words.

Front 51

Alliteration

Back 51

Repetition of initial consonant sounds in closely associated words.

Front 52

Onomatopoeia

Back 52

Words whose pronounciation suggest their meaning.

Front 53

Rhetoric

Back 53

Principles of rules governing the art of writing or speaking effectively, eloquently, and persuasively.

Front 54

Narration

Back 54

Recounts an event or series of events.

Front 55

Description

Back 55

Sketches a portrait of a person, scene, or thing.

Front 56

Exposition

Back 56

Explains the nature of an object, idea, or theme.

Front 57

Persuasion (2 types)

Back 57

Argumentation- to change or reinforce opinion

Persuasion- to compel to action.

Front 58

Autobiography/biography

Back 58

An account of a persons life

Front 59

Diary

Back 59

A Daily record of personal events, observations, etc.

Front 60

Letter/epistle

Back 60

A literary composition in the form of a letter.

Front 61

Essay

Back 61

A short analytical or interpretive composition on a single subject.

Front 62

Speech/sermon

Back 62

A talk or public address (usually religious)

Front 63

Example/illustration

Back 63

Selected instances or extended examples to prove the validity of a point.

Front 64

Narration

Back 64

Chronological (In order of time)

Front 65

Description

Back 65

Has spacial organization and appeals the senses.

Front 66

Comparison/contrast

Back 66

Looks at similarities between seemingly unlike items.

Front 67

Cause/effect

Back 67

Effect then causes/cause then effect.

Front 68

Analogy

Back 68

An extended comparison between seemingly inlike items.

Front 69

Classification/division

Back 69

Grouping of items into a class then given enough details to distinguish it from other members of that class.

Front 70

Anecdote

Back 70

A short narrative detailing particulars of an interesting episode or event.

Front 71

Digression/aside

Back 71

Introduction of material unrelated or distantly related to the subject under discussion.

Front 72

Concession

Back 72

Something such as a point previously claimed that is later conceded.

Front 73

Apostrophe

Back 73

Someone or something not present is addressed as though present.

Front 74

Analogy

Back 74

A comparison of two things that are alike in certain respects.

Front 75

Metaphor

Back 75

A comparison between two dissimilar things.

Front 76

Simile

Back 76

A comparison using like or as.

Front 77

Personification

Back 77

Giving human characteristics to something nonhuman or animate characteristics to an inanimate object.

Front 78

Synecdoche

Back 78

Substituting the name of a part for a whole.

Front 79

Metonymy

Back 79

Substituting a term closely associated with the word meant.

Front 80

Euphemism

Back 80

An indirect is substitued for a direct one to avoid bluntness.

Front 81

Pun

Back 81

Word play based on similarity of sound in words of different meaning.

Front 82

Allusion

Back 82

Making casual reference to a famous historical or literary figure or event.

Front 83

Images

Back 83

Literary and concrete representations of sensory experiences.

Front 84

Symbol

Back 84

Something that is itself and stands for or suggests something larger.

Front 85

Motif

Back 85

The smallest literary unit that is stable across time and stories.

Front 86

Archetype

Back 86

An unconscience collective image.

Front 87

Irony

Back 87

The actual intent is expressed in words which carry the opposite meaning.

Front 88

Litotes

Back 88

An affirmative is expressed by negating the opposite.

Front 89

Point of View

Back 89

The vantage from which narrative is told.

Front 90

Mood/atmosphere

Back 90

The general feeling created by a work at a given point.

Front 91

Shift

Back 91

A change of mood or tine, etc.

Front 92

Attitude

Back 92

Situation + opinion.

Front 93

Tone

Back 93

The means by which the attitude is conveyed. Expresses the readers attitude.

Front 94

Claim/assertion/proposition/thesis

Back 94

Point you prove.

Front 95

Subclaims

Back 95

Subsidary to main claim.

Front 96

Support/evidence

Back 96

How you prove assertion.

Front 97

Refutation

Back 97

How you counter the opposing view.

Front 98

Concession

Back 98

Where you yield a point to the opposition.

Front 99

Pathos

Back 99

Attempt is to provoke an emotional response.

Front 100

Logos

Back 100

To evoke a rational response.

Front 101

Ethos

Back 101

Sense of sharing thouhgt (makes connection to audience)

Front 102

Bathos

Back 102

Pity plea.

Front 103

Ad hominem

Back 103

Attacking the person instead of the argument.

Front 104

Ad populum

Back 104

Appeal to people prejudices.

Front 105

Ad verecundium

Back 105

An appeal to wisdom in the sense that something said by a great person is true.

Front 106

Non sequitur

Back 106

Not in sequence; the conclusion does not follow logically from the preceding statement.

Front 107

False analogy

Back 107

A writer falsely assumes that if 2 things are alike in 1 respect, they are alike in others.

Front 108

Post hoc

Back 108

Because one thing follows another, the 1st is said to cause the 2nd.

Front 109

Hasty/sweeping/over generalization

Back 109

A conclusion based on insufficient or unrepresented evidence.

Front 110

Begging the question

Back 110

The truth of a conclusion is assumed by the premises.

Front 111

False authority

Back 111

Someone speaking outside their expertise.

Front 112

Slippery slope

Back 112

Something is wrong because it is next to something that is wrong or could slide toward it.

Front 113

Equivocation

Back 113

The meaning of the key word shifts.

Front 114

Either/or reasoning

Back 114

Suggesting that only 2 alternatives exist when there are more.

Front 115

Smoke screen

Back 115

Using prestigious jargon or gibberish.