Ap English Need To Know

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ad hominem arguement

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from the latin meaning "to or againest man," this is an arguement that appeals to emotion rather than rationale

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allegory

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the device of using character and or story elemnts smybollically to represent an abstact meaning in additon to a literal meaning, ex: The Scarlett letter

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ambiguity

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the multipul meanings, intentional and unintenitional of a word

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analogy

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realationship between different things

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antecentant

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clause reffered to by a pronoun

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clause

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gramatical unit with a subject and verb. Dependant clauses cannot stand alone ex:
because I stand alone

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conceit

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fancy metaphor between different things

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diction

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word choice, ex: formal, informal

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euphemisms

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more agreeable speech,ex; passed away, rather than he up and died

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figurative language

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languge that is not literal

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generic conventions

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the term describes tradtions for each genre, used to distinguish writers uniqueness

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genre

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major catagory of writing: prose, poetry, drama

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homily

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sermon/ lecture containing moral or spirital advice

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situational irony

dramatic

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events oppitsite of what is ecpected.
unknown events to characters, ex:star wars

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metonomy

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substitute name for somthing assocaited with it, example the "white house declared" vs. "the president declared"

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loose sentance

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a type of sentacne that contains the main idea first, followed by dependant grammatical clauses.

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indicative mood

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factual sentences only
"Joe eats too quickly"

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subjunctive mood

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doubtful or contional attitude
"If I were you, I would get another job"

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imperative mood

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used for commands

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oxymoron

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contradictory terms
jumbo shrimp

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paradox

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when something is not necessary but through obsession becomes necessary
ex: The Birthmark by Nat hawthorn

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parrelism

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parrel framing words, phrases, or pargraphs with stuctual similarilty

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parody

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riducule, SNL

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pedantic

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adjective for nerds, scholars, bookish, overly scholarly

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periodic sentence

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presents its central meaning at the end "Ecastic with my Ap scores, I shouted with joy"

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predicate adjectives

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adjective clause followed by a linking verb, describes the subject

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predicate nomiative

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a group of nouns that renames the subject "Abe lincoln, was a man of intregrity"

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Mode of Discourse/rhetorical mode: expostion

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explain and anaylze an idea by presenting info

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mode of discouse: arguementaion

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prove an idea, rational, emotional and ethical appeal

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mode of dicourse:
desricptive

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recreate, or visually present a person place, event, so the reader cna picture it

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mode of discourse: narration

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tell a story, frequently uses decraiption as a combo

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satire/sarcasm

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works that target human vice or vollies, usally with sarcasm, caustic language

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subordinate clause

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cannot stand alone, not a complete thought

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syllogism

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major: man is mortal
minor: socrates is man
conclusion: socrates is mortal

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syntax

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authors chocie of GROUPS of words, diction is indvidula words, cosider lenght, brevity, sentence patterns

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mode of discourse: narration

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tell a story, frequently uses decraiption as a combo

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satire/sarcasm

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works that target human vice or vollies, usally with sarcasm, caustic language

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subordinate clause

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cannot stand alone, not a complete thought

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syllogism

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major: man is mortal
minor: socrates is man
conclusion: socrates is mortal

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syntax

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authors chocie of GROUPS of words, diction is indvidula words, cosider lenght, brevity, sentence patterns

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understatement and hyperbole

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ironic minimalizing and exaggerating

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rhetorical features

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passage construciton, images, details, and argurements to serve his or her purpose

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style devices

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diciton, tone, attidtude,figures of speech, connotations, and repetition

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narrative devices
persuasive

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tools of a storyteller, the order of events.
words that complement the aguement

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space transition

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above, below, beyond, farther away, here

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trans: time
summary
intensification

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afterward, at last, earlier
all in all, in brief
indeed, in fact,of course

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trans: Illustration
cause of effect

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for example, for instance
as a result, consquently

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trans: comparison
contrast
additon or repetition

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also, in the same way
but, even so, however
again, moreover, finally

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premise

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the genralization of which an agurement is bases

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oversimplfication

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over looking or ignoring inconstistencies or complexieties in evidence