Ap Eng 3

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Ancedote

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noun a short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person. "told anecdotes about his job"

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Oxymoron

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noun a figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms appear in conjunction (e.g., faith unfaithful kept him falsely true ).

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Aphorism

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noun a pithy observation that contains a general truth, such as, “if it ain't broke, don't fix it.”

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Onomatopoeia

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noun the formation of a word from a sound associated with what is named (e.g., cuckoo,sizzle ).

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Apostrophe

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noun a punctuation mark ( ’ ) used to indicate either possession (e.g., Harry's book ; boys' coats ) or the omission of letters or numbers (e.g., can't ; he's ; class of ’99 ).

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Allusion

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noun an expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly; an indirect or passing reference."an allusion to Shakespeare"synonyms:reference to, mention of, suggestion of, hint to, intimation of, comment on, remark on"the town's name is an allusion to its founding family"

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Persona

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noun the aspect of someone's character that is presented to or perceived by others."her public persona"

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Analogy

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noun a comparison between two things, typically on the basis of their structure and for the purpose of explanation or clarification."an analogy between the workings of nature and those of human societies"

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Personification

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noun the attribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to something nonhuman, or the representation of an abstract quality in human form.

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Asyndeton

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noun the omission or absence of a conjunction between parts of a sentence. ate, slept, drank

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Paradox

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noun a statement or proposition that, despite sound (or apparently sound) reasoning from acceptable premises, leads to a conclusion that seems senseless, logically unacceptable, or self-contradictory.

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Assonance

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noun in poetry, the repetition of the sound of a vowel or diphthong in nonrhyming stressed syllables near enough to each other for the echo to be discernible (e.g., penitence,reticence ).

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Parody

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noun an imitation of the style of a particular writer, artist, or genre with deliberate exaggeration for comic effect."the movie is a parody of the horror genre"

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Alliteration

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noun the occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words.

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Parallelism

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noun the state of being parallel or of corresponding in some way.

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Anachronism

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noun a thing belonging or appropriate to a period other than that in which it exists, especially a thing that is conspicuously old-fashioned."everything was as it would have appeared in centuries past apart from one anachronism, a bright yellow construction crane"

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Pathos

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noun a quality of an experience in life or a work of art that stirs up emotions of pity, sympathy and sorrow. ."the actor injects his customary humor and pathos into the role"

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Ambiguity

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noun uncertainty or inexactness of meaning in language. vague

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Polysyndeton

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noun Polysyndeton is a literary technique in which conjunctions (e.g. and, but, or) are used repeatedly in quick succession, often with no commas, even when the conjunctions could be removed.

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Antithesis

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noun a person or thing that is the direct opposite of someone or something else."love is the antithesis of selfishness"

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Anaphora

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nounthe repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses. “O LORD, rebuke me not in thine anger, neither chasten me in thy hot displeasure.Have mercy upon me, O LORD; for I am weak: O LORD, heal me; for my bones are vexed.

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Anadiplosis

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noun the repetition of the last word of a preceding clause. The word is used at the end of a sentence and then used again at the beginning of the next sentence. “……… you must make every effort to support your faith with goodness, and goodness withknowledge, and knowledge with self-control, and self-control with endurance, andendurance with godliness, and godliness with mutual affection, and mutual affection withlove”

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Rhetorical Question

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noun a figure of speech in the form of a question that is asked in order to make a point rather than to elicit an answer.

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Consonance

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noun repetitive sounds produced by consonants within a sentence or phrase. Shelley sells shells by the seashore.

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Connotation

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noun an idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning."the word “discipline” has unhappy connotations of punishment and repression"

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Colloquial

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adjective (of language) used in ordinary or familiar conversation; not formal or literary.

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Synecdoche

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noun a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa, as in Cleveland won by six runs (meaning “Cleveland's baseball team”).

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Chiasmus

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noun a rhetorical or literary figure in which words, grammatical constructions, or concepts are repeated in reverse order, in the same or a modified form; e.g. ‘Poetry is the record of the best and happiest moments of the happiest and best minds.’

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Syllogism

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noun an instance of a form of reasoning in which a conclusion is drawn (whether validly or not) from two given or assumed propositions (premises), each of which shares a term with the conclusion, and shares a common or middle term not present in the conclusion (e.g., all dogs are animals; all animals have four legs; therefore all dogs have four legs ).

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Satire

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noun the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues. “What’s the use you learning to do right, when it’s troublesome to do right and isn’t no trouble to do wrong, and the wages is just the same?” (Chap 16)

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Sarcasm

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noun the use of irony to mock or convey contempt.

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Diction

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noun 1.the choice and use of words and phrases in speech or writing."Wordsworth campaigned against exaggerated poetic diction"

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Syntax

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noun the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language."the syntax of English"

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Deductive

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adjective characterized by the inference of particular instances from a general law.

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Denotation

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noun the literal or primary meaning of a word, in contrast to the feelings or ideas that the word suggests.

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Disctinctio

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noun Figure of explication in which an introductory reference to a word's meaning is made (e.g., "by x I mean", "which is to say that", "that is") followed by a further elaboration of that word's meaning; explicitdefinition of or elaboration upon the meaning or meanings of a particular word or set of words.

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Tone

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noun an attitude of a writer toward a subject or an audience. Tone is generally conveyed through the choice of words or the viewpoint of a writer on a particular subject. Father: “We are going on a vacation.”Son: “That’s great!!!”

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Euphemism

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noun The term euphemism refers to polite, indirect expressions which replace words and phrases considered harsh and impolite or which suggest something unpleasant. "kick the bucket"

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Ethos

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noun credibility or an ethical appeal which involves persuasion by the characterinvolved. "9/10 doctors"

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Epithet

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noun an adjective or descriptive phrase expressing a quality characteristic of the person or thing mentioned."old men are often unfairly awarded the epithet “dirty.”"

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Exemplum

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noun a short tale, narrative, or anecdote used in literary pieces and speeches to explain a doctrine or emphasize a moral point.

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Zeugma

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noun a figure of speech in which a word applies to two others in different senses (e.g.,John and his license expired last week ) or to two others of which it semantically suits only one (e.g., with weeping eyes and hearts ).

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Hyperbole

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noun exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally. My grandmother is as old as the hills.

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Hypophora

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noun also referred to as anthypophora or antipophora, is a figure of speech in which the speaker poses a question and then answers the question. "So what is life again? life is..."

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Irony

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noun the expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect."“Don't go overboard with the gratitude,” he rejoined with heavy irony"

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Inductive

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adjective 1.characterized by the inference of general laws from particular instances."instinct rather than inductive reasoning marked her approach to life"

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Juxtaposition

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noun a literary technique in which two or more ideas, places, characters and their actions are placed side by side in a narrative or a poem for the purpose of developing comparisons and contrasts. “O, she doth teach the torches to burn bright!It seems she hangs upon the cheek of nightLike a rich jewel in an Ethiope’s ear;”

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Litote

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noun derived from a Greek word meaning “simple”, is a figure of speech which employs anunderstatement by using double negatives or, in other words, positive statement is expressed by negating its opposite expressions. "The ice cream was not too bad.; not bad"

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Logos

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noun logic. a statement, sentence or argument used to convince or persuade the targeted audience by employing reason or logic "All men are mortal.Socrates is a man.Therefore, Socrates is mortal."

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Metonymy

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noun a figure of speech that replaces the name of a thing with the name of something else with which it is closely associated "Let me give you a hand. (Hand means help.)"

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Mood

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noun a literary element that evokes certain feelings or vibes in readers through words and descriptions. “The river, reflecting the clear blue of the sky, glistened and sparkled as it flowed noiselessly on.”

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Metaphor

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noun a resemblance of two contradictory or different objects is made based on a single or some common characteristics. "My brother was boiling mad. (This implies he was too angry.)"

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Periodic Sentence

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noun A periodic sentence has the main clause or predicate at the end. "In spite of heavy snow and cold temperatures, the game continued."

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Loose Sentence

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noun begins with a main clause that is followed by phrases and/or clauses that modify the main clause. "I went to the movies yesterday, bought candy, and shopped at the mall."

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Jargon

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noun nounspecial words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group and are difficult for others to understand."legal jargon" "pretentious"medical

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Sentential

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adjective of or relating to a sentence