A&p Endocrine

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3 Characteristics of Anterior pituitary hormones

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1. Protiens
2. Acts thru 2nd messenger systems
3. Regulated by hormonal stimuli, and in most cases, neg feedback

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Growth Hormone (GH)

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General metabolic hormone
plays important role in determining final body size, effects geared towards bones

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Acromegaly

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hypersecretion of GH after long bone growth has ended

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Pituitary Dwarfism

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Hyposecretion of GH during childhood, max adult height 4 ft

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Giantism

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hypersecretion of GH during childhood 8-9ft

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Thyriod stimulating Hormone TSH aka Thyrotropic Hormone

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influences growth and activity of thyroid gland ANTERIOR PIT

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Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ACTH

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Regulates the endocrine activity of the cortex portion of the adrenal gland ANTERIOR PIT

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Gonadotropins FSH, LH, ICSH

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Regulates Ovaries and testies hormonal activity ANTERIOR PIT

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Prolactin PRL

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Protien hormone target tissue is breasts. After child birth it stimulates and maintains milk production in mother ANT PIT

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ANTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES

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Thyroid stim hormone TSH, Adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH, Gonadotropins FSH LH ICSH, Prolactin PRL

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Antidiuretic Hormone ADH

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AKA Vasopressin Inhibits or prevents urine production, causes kidneys to reabsorb more H2O from the forming urine

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Diabetes Insipidus

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Hyposecretion of ADH leads to this condition of excessive urine output
s/s: thirst, drink excessively

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Thyroxine T4 and Triiodothyronine T3

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T4 is major hormone secreted by thyroid, both control rate of which glucose is burned and converted to heat and enerty *Made of IODINE

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Myxedema aka Hypothyroidism

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Physical and mentally sluggish, Puffy face, fatigue, poor muscle tone, lower body temp, cold, obesity, dry skin

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Creatinism

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Hyposecretion of thyroxine, lack of stimulation by TSH, results in Dwarfism

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Graves Disease

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One form of hyperthyroidism, usually result of tumor in thyriod

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Thyrocalcitionin (Calcitonin)

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lowers blood calcium levels by causing Calcium to be deposited in the bone

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PTH parathyriod Hormone

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most important regulator of Calcium Ions homeostasis in blood, stim bone to break down, and release Ca into bl.

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Hypoparathyriodism vs Hyperparathyroidism

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Hyper- Bone destruction
Hypo- Neurons become irritable and overactive, Tetney occurs

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Mineralcorticoids

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ALDOSTERONE, produced in adrenal cortex, important in NA+ content in the blood, target cells is kidney tubules

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Atrial Natriuretic Peptide

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prevents aldosterone release, gooal being to reduse blood vol and blood pressure

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Hyperaldosteronism

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result of tumors, hyperactivity of adrenal cortex, excessive H2O and NA are retained leading to high BP and edema

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Glucorcorticoids

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Adrenal cortex produces, Helps body resist long term sterssors, Rases BGM

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Addisons Disease

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major s/s bronze tone of skin. because aldosterone levels are low NA and H2O are lost

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Cushings syndrome

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excessive output of glucocorticiods, results in moon face, buffalo hump etc

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Epinephrine

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AKA Adrenaline, fight or flight, made by ADRENAL MEDULLA, Catecholamine

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Norepinephrine

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AKA noradrenaline, rest or digest, made by ADRENAL MEDULLA, Catecholamine

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Adrenal Medulla

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The central part of the gland, secretes catecholamines, epinephrine and norepi when stim by sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous sys

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Adrenal Cortex

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the outer part of the gland, secretes mineral corticoids, glucocorticoids and androgens

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Insulin

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Produced in Pancreas islets in Beta cells, antag of Glucagon

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Estrogen

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produced by the Graafian follicles of ovaries

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Pineal gland

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small cone shaped gland found in the roof of the third vent of the brain, chem substances have been ID'd here

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Thymus

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located upper thorax, posterior to sternum, Decreases in size with age, produces hormone called thymosin, acts as incubator for T cells

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HCG Human chorionic gonadotropin

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Produced by embryo and then by fetal part of placenta

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A neuron who's primary function is to connect other neurons

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an association neuron

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Reticular Formation

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The brain area located in the cerebral cortex controlling the state of wakefulness or alertness

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Spinal reflex goes along what reflex arc?

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Receptor, afferent neuron, internuncial neuron, efferent neuron, effector

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Main function of the rods in the eye

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vision in the dim light

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Receptors for hearing

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cocliea

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Information is carried within a neuron ...

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Dendrite-Cell Body- Axon