A&p Dodge Set 4

Front 1

Cell cycle

Back 1

Sequence of events that takes place in between cell divisions

Front 2

Mutation

Back 2

Any mistake from the correct DNA sequence

Front 3

Daughter cell

Back 3

One cell splits into two new ______

Front 4

G1

Back 4

Primary growth phase in which the cell doubles in size

Front 5

S

Back 5

Synthesis phase in which the DNA is copied

Front 6

G2

Back 6

Secondary growth phase in which the cell makes final preparations for cell division

Front 7

Interphase

Back 7

The cell spends most of its time in this, has 3 separate phases

Front 8

Semiconservative replication

Back 8

Where two copies are made so that each of the new DNA molecules contain one strand from the original DNA

Front 9

Mitosis

Back 9

Division of the nuclear material

Front 10

Spindle apparatus

Back 10

Used to move the chromosomes astounds the cell

Front 11

Prophase

Back 11

-DNA begins to change from its loose, uncoiled form (chromatin) into chromosomes

-the nuclear envelope is disassembled

-the spindle apparatus forms

Front 12

Metaphase

Back 12

The cell is considered to be in_____when the chromosomes are all lined up along a plane at the center of the cell

Front 13

Equator

Back 13

Center of the cell where chromosomes line up during metaphase

Front 14

Anaphase

Back 14

Occurs when the Centro centromere regions of the chromosomes divide and chromatids are pulled toward opposite poles of the cell

Front 15

Telophase

Back 15

Once the two sets of DNA are separated at opposite poles, the cell enters ___

-chromosomes begin to uncoil into chromatin

-nuclear envelopes begin to reform around each set of DNA

-the spindle apparatus is disassembled

Front 16

Chromosomes

Back 16

DNA that is in tightly coiled structures

Front 17

Chromatin

Back 17

Loose and uncoiled DNA

Front 18

Histones

Back 18

Proteins that strands of DNA wrap around to prevent tangling

Front 19

Chromatids/ centromere

Back 19

A chromosome consists of two identical halves called _____ joined to each other at a region called a ________

Front 20

Homologous chromosomes

Back 20

____ are the same size and shape and contain DNA that code for the same proteins

Front 21

Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA

Back 21

The molecule that actually contains the genetic information.

Front 22

Nucleotide

Back 22

DNA is made of monomers called _____. These structures contain three basic parts

-sugar (deoxyribose)

-phosphate group

-nitrogen base

Front 23

Deoxyribose

Back 23

Sugar found in the nucleotide structure of DNA

Front 24

Codons

Back 24

Groups of three nitrogen bases

Front 25

Anticodon

Back 25

Group of Three nitrogen bases on tRNA that are complementary to a codon on mRNA

Front 26

Initiation complex

Back 26

What is formed when a mRNA molecule, a tRNA molecule, and a ribosome fit together. This allows translation to begin

Front 27

Genetic code

Back 27

Correlation between the base sequence in DNA and the amino acid sequence for a particular protein

Front 28

Replication

Back 28

The process by which DNA copies itself

Front 29

DNA helicase

Back 29

"Unzips" the double helix by breaking hydrogen bonds between complementary nitrogen bases

Front 30

DNA polymerase

Back 30

Adds new nucleotides with complementary nitrogen bases to each of the strands

Front 31

Polygenic

Back 31

Traits are controlled by more than one pair of genes; such Teairra have a wide variety of phenotypes that exhibit continuous variation from one form to another

Front 32

Universal recipient

Back 32

Can receive from any other blood type. AB

Front 33

Universal donor

Back 33

O. It can be transfused into any other blood type

Front 34

Phenotype

Back 34

Physical expression of a trait

Front 35

Complete dominance

Back 35

Occurs when one allele completely masks the effects of another allele when they ate combined in the heterozygous genotype

Front 36

Incomplete dominance

Back 36

Occurs when the phenotype of the heterozygote exhibits a blending of the two contrasting traits

Front 37

Codominance

Back 37

Occurs when the phenotype of the heterozygote exhibits both contrasting traits equally

Front 38

Multiple allele traits

Back 38

_____ are controlled by a single pair of genes in each individual, but there are more than two contrasting forms of the genre in the population

Front 39

Gene

Back 39

A segment of DNA that code for a specific polypeptide

Front 40

Alleles

Back 40

Alternate forms of a gene

Front 41

Dominant

Back 41

The expressed allele is called _____

Front 42

Recessive

Back 42

The allele that is hidden is labeled ____

Front 43

Homozygous

Back 43

A genotype that contains two identical alleles.

(TT) _____dominant

(tt) ______ recessive

Front 44

Heterozygous

Back 44

A genotype with two different alleles

(Tt)

Front 45

Genotypes

Back 45

The genetic makeup of an organism

Front 46

G0

Back 46

The phase where cells have said to have excited the cell cycle.

Some cells grow to maturity but do not immediately divide

Front 47

Cleavage furrow

Back 47

Forms when the cell membrane is "pinched" in along the plane of the equator

Front 48

Transcription

Back 48

The process in which molecules of RNA ate made using the information in DNA

Front 49

Translation

Back 49

The process of using RNA to actually assemble proteins

Front 50

Central dogma

Back 50

States that hermetic information flows from DNA to RNA to proteins

Front 51

RNA polymerase

Back 51

The enzyme that controls transcription. It "Unzips" the double helix and adds complementary bases to match one of the two DNA stands

Front 52

Promoter

Back 52

Region on the DNA that RNA polymerase attaches to during transcription

Front 53

Template

Back 53

The DNA strand used to make RNA

Front 54

RNA ribonucleic acid

Back 54

The molecule that actually uses the genetic info to directly control protein synthesis

Front 55

Complementary

Back 55

When two nitrogen bases pair up to form a bond they are said to be ______

Front 56

Ribose

Back 56

Sugar in RNA

Front 57

Uracil

Back 57

The nitrogen base in RNA in place of thymine

Front 58

mRNA

Back 58

Contains the info needed to assemble a polypeptide from the DNA in the nucleus to ribosomes in the cytoplasm

Linear shape

Front 59

tRNA

Back 59

Responsible for bringing individual amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes where they are incorporated into the growing polypeptide

Hairpin or cloverleaf shape

Front 60

rRNA

Back 60

Ribosomes are made of a combination of protein and _______. They are assembled by the nucleolus

"Globular" shape

Front 61

Double helix

Back 61

The molecular structure of DNA is this shape. Because it consists of two linear stands of nucleotides joined to eachother, and it is twisted in a spiral fashion