Ap Composition And Literary Terms Ii

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inference

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a reasonable conclusion drawn by a reader from clues providedd by a writer.

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irony

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a contrast between what appears to be and what really is

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verbal irony

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words imply the oppposite of what they literally mean

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irony of situation

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state of affaris that is the opposite of what is expected

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dramatic irony

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occurs in fiction or drama when reader or viewer knows more than the characters do

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metaphor

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figure of speech involving an implied comparison.An implied comparison between two dissimilar objects.

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simile

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a figure of speech that uses "like" or "as" to state a comparison

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myth

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traditional tale of unknown authorship involving gods or other supernatural beings; often attempts to express some interpretation or an aspect of phenomenon of the natural world

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naturalism

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writing that depicts events as rigidly determined by the forces of the heredity and environment. The world described tends to be a bleak and hopeless place.

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oxymoron

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the yoking of two terms which are ordinarily contradictory

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parable

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a short narrative that illustrates a moral or insight. Often found in gospels and are similar to fables in that they convey advice, although fables often have animals conveying this advice and tell less profound wisdom.

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paradox

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an apparent contradiction that is nevertheless true.[another form of irony]

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parallel

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a likeness, usually in pattern or structure (of a character, sentence, situation, etc.)

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parallelism

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two or more balancing statements, with phrases, clauses, or paragraphs of similar length and grammatical structure.

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parody

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a kind of burlesque aimed particularly at making the style of an author ridiculous.

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parenthesis

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insertion of a phrase or clause that interrupts the normal syntactical flow of a sentence.

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pathos

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the quality of literature that evokes pity

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persona

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the mask or voice which a writer assumes a particular work

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personification

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a special kind of metaphor in which abstractions or inanimate objects are given human characteristics

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point of view

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the vantage point from which an author presents the character or events in the story.

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first person pov

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a pov in which it is related by a character

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third person pov

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narrated by someone who does not participate in the action

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omniscient/limited/objective

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able to see in the minds of all characters/confined to one person's perceptions/describing what can only be seen, like a camera

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propaganda

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writing which directly advocates a certain doctrine as the solution to some social or political problem

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pun

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a play on words'; humorous use of a word when it can have diff. meanings, or of two or more words with the same or nearly the same sound but different meanings

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realism

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a way of representing life as it seems to the common reader. Tends to deal with everyday ordinary experiences.

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rhetoric

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the art or the discipline that deals with the use of discourse, either spoken or written, to inform or persuade or move an audience, whether the audience is made up of a single person or group or persons. Implies the manipulation of words for persuasive purposes.Three kinds- appeal to reason, to emotions, and to the speaker's character or personality

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rhetorical question

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asking a question, not for the purpose of eliciting an answer but for the purpose of asserting or denying something directly.

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rhythm

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usually refers to sound patterns in poetry but also often to patterns found in both poertry and prose, produced by a recurrence of sounds, images, themes, types of sentence structure, and feelings.

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romanticism

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unlike realism, stresses man's glory and freedom rather than his limitations. Tend to take an optimistic view of people and stress the past over present, and to dwell on exciting, exotic, and beautiful.

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sarcasm

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the use of exaggerated praise to imply dispraise.

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satire

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verse or prose that makes fun of popular institutions, customs, or beliefs.

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setting

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time and place in which action of a narrative occurs. Establishes mood and reveals character. It may directly affect develop,ent of hte plot and provide important clues about events and motivation.

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stereotype

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a character who lacks individuality, having no traits except the most obvious and expected of hte group to which he belongs.

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stream of consciousness

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recording of a character's flow of thought without any apparent attempt at clarification

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style

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the manner in which writers use lanuage to express ideas. Involves an author's choice and arrangement of words, as well as tone, mood, imagery, etc.

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symbol

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something used to represent something else. Refers to concrete image used to designate an abstract quality or concept.