Ap Comp

Front 1

Compound Sentence -

Back 1

two independent sentences connected by a linking word (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so).

Front 2

Complex Sentence -

Back 2

a sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.

Front 3

Compound-Complex sentence-

Back 3

a sentence with multiple independent clauses and at least one dependent clause.

Front 4

Declarative Sentence-

Back 4

a statement usually of fact or observation.

Front 5

Imperative Sentence-

Back 5

a sentence used to command, enjoin, implore, or entreat.

Front 6

Hortative Sentence-

Back 6

a sentence that exhorts, advises, or calls to action.

Front 7

Interrogative-.

Back 7

a sentence used to ask a question

Front 8

Prolepsis-

Back 8

foreseeing and forestalling objections to an argument.

Front 9

Infinitive Phrase

Back 9

-the word to + a verb

Front 10

Gerund Phrase-

Back 10

a verbal that ends in -ing and functions as a noun.

Front 11

Predicate Adjective-

Back 11

an adjective that comes after the noun in a sentence.

Front 12

Predicate Nominative or Subject Compliment-

Back 12

a noun or pronoun that comes after the subject of the sentence and after a linking verb.

Front 13

A Participial Phrase-
.

Back 13

when a verb is used as an adjective

Front 14

Prepositional Phrase-

Back 14

a preposition is any word or grouping of words that indicates the spatial, temporal, or logical relationship of the object/subject to the rest
of the sentence. Generally tells us when or where the subject was doing something.

Front 15

Preposition List:

Back 15

out, above, according to, across, after, against, along, along with, among, apart from, around, as, as for, at, because of, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, but, by, by means of, concerning, despite, down, during, except, except for, excepting, for, from, in, in addition to, in back of, in case of, in front of, in place of, inside, in spite of, instead of, into, like, near, next, of, off, on, onto, on top of, out, out of, outside, over, past, regarding, round, since, through, throughout, till, to, toward, under, underneath, unlike, until, up, upon, up to, with, within, without.

Front 16

Use an appositive-

Back 16

an appositive renames another noun right beside it. It gives us more information about the original noun.

During the dinner conversation, Clifford, the messiest eater at the table, spewed mashed potatoes like a volcano. The messiest eater at the table is the appositive. It gives us more information about Clifford.

Front 17

Anaphora-

Back 17

the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of a sentence. Used
for emphasis.

Front 18

Epistrophe-

Back 18

the repetition of a word or phrase at the ending of sentences. Used for emphasis.

Front 19

Allusion-

Back 19

a reference to an outside person, place, event, text, or work of art.

Front 20

Apostrophe-

Back 20

a sentence in which an abstract quality is directly addressed, whether present or not.

Front 21

Parallel Structure-

Back 21

parallel structure means using the same pattern of words to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance. Often used to convey a sense of being composed, controlled, and logical.

Front 22

Conditional Clause-

Back 22

used to show that the second condition is caused by the first condition happens.

Front 23

Chiasmus-

Back 23

a figure of emphasis in which the words in one phrase or clause are replicated exactly, or closely, in reverse grammatical order in the next phrase or clause (A-B-B-A).

Front 24

Zeugma-

Back 24

the use of one word in two way grammatically different ways

Front 25

Antithesis-

Back 25

opposition, or contrast, of ideas, or words in a balanced or parallel construction.

Front 26

Cumulative Sentence (Loose Sentence)-

Back 26

an independent clause followed by a series of subordinate constructions (phrases or clauses) that gather details about a person, place, event, or idea.

Front 27

Periodic Sentence-

Back 27

a long and frequently involved sentence, marked by suspended syntax, in which the sense is not completed until the final word

Front 28

Metonymy-

Back 28

a figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated. a rhetorical strategy used to describe something indirectly by referring to things around it

Front 29

Synecdoche-

Back 29

a specific form of metonymy. Substitutes a word that refers to a specific thing or person (noun) instead of a concept/idea or action.

Front 30

Tautology-

Back 30

repetition of an idea or words, whether the same word or synonymous words. Can be used to reinforce an idea by repeating is needlessly.

Front 31

Pleonasm-

Back 31

using more adjectives than necessary to convey an idea. Can be used to reinforce an idea by describing it redundantly.

Front 32

Catachresis-

Back 32

The mixing of metaphors.

Front 33

Anadiplosis-a repetition of the last word of a sentence and the beginning of the next.

Back 33

a repetition of the last word of a sentence and the beginning of the next.

Front 34

Polysyndeton-

Back 34

repetition of conjunction in close succession. Often used to sound long winded, or passionate about a topic in some way.

Front 35

Asyndeton-

Back 35

omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words. (No coordinating conjunctions, and, but, or, so, yet, etc.)

Front 36

Praeteritio-

Back 36

mentioning something whilst saying it cannot be discussed

Front 37

Litotes-

Back 37

using an understatement for effect.

Front 38

Bathos-

Back 38

descent in literature in which a poet or writer--striving too hard to be passionate or elevated--falls into trivial or stupid imagery, phrasing, or ideas.

Front 39

Onomatopoeia-

Back 39

use of words to imitate natural sounds; accommodation of sound to sense.

Front 40

Archetype-

Back 40

a model from which copies are made.

Front 41

Aphorism-

Back 41

a brief statement that expresses an observation on life, usually intended as a wise observation.

Front 42

Synesthesia-

Back 42

the description of one kind of sense impression by using words that normally describe another. (ex using a sight word to convey a sound)

Front 43

Cacophony-

Back 43

harsh discordance of sound, dissonance: a cacophony of hoots, cackles, and wails.

Front 44

Double entendre-

Back 44

the double meanings of a group of words that the speaker or writer has purposely left ambiguous.

Front 45

Paradox-

Back 45

a statement that seems untrue on the surface but is true nevertheless.

Front 46

Oxymoron-

Back 46

juxtaposed words with seemingly contradictory meanings.

Front 47

Idiom-

Back 47

an expression that has a specific meaning to a specific grouping of people, other than what the expression literally seems to mean.

Front 48

Euphemism-

Back 48

very similar to an idiom except, a euphemism specifically refers to a phrase that is used to say something harsh or uncomfortable in a more gentle, less awkward manner.

Front 49

Epithet-

Back 49

a nickname given to someone that captures an aspect of their personality or character.

Front 50

Allegory

Back 50

A symbolic story

Front 51

Elegy

Back 51

A mournful song or poem

Front 52

Eulogy

Back 52

a speech given in praise of something deceased

Front 53

Ballad

Back 53

a sentimental song or poem

Front 54

Epigraph

Back 54

An inscription

Front 55

Epitaph

Back 55

An inscription on a tomb

Front 56

Antecedent

Back 56

the thing that proceeds something else. (“Jim ate ice cream for dessert. He liked it.” Jim is the antecedent of him.)

Front 57

Pastoral

Back 57

any work related to rural life, shepherds, farming, country life, serenity, or nature. (Think “pasture”)

Front 58

Sonnet

Back 58

a 14 lined poem with a the rhyme scheme: abab, cdcd, efef, gg.

Front 59

Monologue

Back 59

a prolonged talk/speech. Typically given when the speaker and the audience are both aware of each other’s presence.

Front 60

Soliloquy

Back 60

When an actor on stage speaks their thoughts out loud. They pretend that the audience isn’t there to hear their thoughts.

Front 61

Aside

Back 61

when an actor on stage who has been pretending the audience isn’t there suddenly addresses the audience directly, acknowledging their presence. Typically this is done with more than one actor on stage, and the other actors pretend not to hear what was said to the audience.

Front 62

Divulge (verb) (divulged, divulging, divulges, divulger, divulgence, divulgement)

Back 62

to proclaim or make known.
a. He divulged the information.

Front 63

Evince (verb) (evinced, evincing, evinces, evincible)

Back 63

to provide evidence; to display clearly
a. Exhibit A evinced that man was innocent.

Front 64

Alacrity (noun)

Back 64

(alacritous) promptness in response; cheerful readiness
a. She accepted the invitation with an alacrity that was surprising.