Ap Comp

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allusion

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A direct or indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known such as an event book myth

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antecedent

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The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun. The AP Language exam occasionally asks for the antecedent of a given pronoun in a long, complex sentence or in a group of sentences

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Antithesis

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The oppositions or contrast of ideas, the direct opposite.

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Aphorism

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A terse statement of known authorship which expensiveness a general truth or a moral principle. An aphorism can be a memorable summation of the author's point.

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Apostrophe

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A figure of speech that directly addresses a absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such a liberty or love. It is an address to someone or something that cant answer.

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Colloquial

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the use of slang or imformalites in speech or writings. Not generally acceptable ofr formal writing, colloquialisms give a word a conversational familer tone

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connotation

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The sum-literal, associative meaning of a word; the implied suggested meaning, connotations may involve ideas, emotions, or attitude.

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denotation

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The strict literal dictionary definition of a word, devoid of any emotion, attitude or color.

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Diction

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Related to style, diction refers to the writer's regard to their correctness,cleverness or effectiveness.

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Euphemism

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From the Greek for "good speech,: euphemisms are a more agreeable or less offensive substitute for a generally unpleasant word or concept. Saying "earthly remains" rather than "corpse" is an example.

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Extended Metaphor

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A metaphor developed a great length, occurring frequently in or through a work.

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Hyperbole

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A figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement. Hyperbole's often have a comic effect; however, a serious effect is also possible. Often, hyperbole produces irony.

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Imagery

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The sensory details or figuretive language used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions. ON a physical level, imagery uses terms related to the five senses. On a deeper level, however, one image can rpresent more than one thing.

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Inference/ Infer

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To draw a reasonable conclusion from the information presents. When a multiple choice question asks for an inference to be drawn from a passage, the most direct most reasonable inference is the safest answer choice. If an inference is implausible, it is unlikely to be the correct inferred and it is wrong, you must be careful to note the connotation-negative or positive of the choices.

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Metaphor

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A figure of speech using implied comparison of seemingly unlike things or the substitution of one for the other, suggesting some similarity. Metaphorical language makes writing more vivid, imaginative thought.

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Metonymy

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A term from the Greek meaning "changed label" or "substitute name" metonymy is a figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it. For example a news release that claims. "The White House asked the television networks for air time on Monday night."

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Paradox

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A statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense but upon closer inspection contains some some degree of truth or validity.

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Parallelism

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Also referred to as parallel constriction or parallel structure, this term comes form Greek roots meaning "beside one another" It refers to the grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phases , sentences, or paragraph to give structural simularitys. The effects of parallelism are numerous, but frequently they act as an organizing force to attract the readers attention, add emphasis and organization, or simply provide a musical rhythm.

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Repetition

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The duplication, either exact or approximate of any element of language, such as a sound, word, phrase , clause , sentence or grammatical patterns.

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Rhetoric

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From the Greek for "orator" this term describes the principles governing the art of writing effectively , eloquently, and persuasively.

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Syllogism

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From the Greek for "for reckoning together" a syllogism or syllogistic reasoning or syllogistic logic is a deductive system of formal logic that presents two preemies (the first one called "major" and the second called "minor" that inevitably lead to a sound conclusion. Should look for example

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Syntax

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The way an author chooses to join words into phrases clauses, and sentences. Syntax is similar to diction, but you can differentiate them by thinking of syntax as groups of words. while diction refers to the individual words.

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Consonance

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A correspondence of sounds, a harmony of sounds more specifically, the repetition of the final consonant sounds of accented syllables or important words.

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Assonance

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Vowel rhyme includes A,E,I,O,U needs to be systematic and in an equivalent interval. Kept in a sentence usually never more than one.