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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Meninges
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Dura Mater: superficial layer
Arachnoid Mater: middle layer Pia Mater: deep layer |
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Cerebrospinal Fluid
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produced by choroid plexuses in the ventricles mainly from the lateral ventricles
drained in the arachnoid villi |
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Cerebrospinal Fluid Function
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protects the brain from blows to the skull
circulates from the third to the fourth ventricle |
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Reflexes
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receptor (detects change in stimuli), sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, effector
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Effector
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muscles and glands that are capable of producing a response
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Types of Reflexes
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Withdrawal Reflex: protects limb by removing them from painful stimuli
Monosynaptic Reflex: quick reflex with only 2 neurons |
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Spinal Cord
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-links PNS to brain
31 spinal nerves cervical enlargement lumbar enlargement gray matter surrounded by white matter 2 longitudinal grooves |
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Ascending Tracts
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sensory
from spinal cord to brain |
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Descending Tract
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Motor
from brain to spinal cord |
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Cerebellum
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coordinates voluntary muscle movement and equilibrium
white matter= arbor vitae |
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Reticular Formation
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-complex network of tiny islands of gray matter in the brain
-filters incoming sensory impulses and gives the sense of wakeness |
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Cerebral Association Areas
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-provide ,emory, reasoning, verbalization, judgement and emotion
-analyze and interrupt sensory experiences |
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Brainstem
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connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord (extends from the diencephalon to the spinal cord)
-midbrain -pons -medulla oblongata contains cardiac center, vasomotor center, and respiratory center |
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Lobes of Cerebrum
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Parietal: sensation (sensory area)
Temporal: hearing and equilibrium Occipital: vision Frontal: movement, answer question, make a plan (motor area) Insula: invisible lobe on surface of the brain |
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Thalamus
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most sensory input that ascends through the spinal cord and brain pass through the thalamus
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Hypothalamus
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control center of the automatic nervous system and endocrine system
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Fissures & Sulcus
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Longitudinal Fissure: seperatrs the left and right cerebral hemisphere
Transverse Fissure: separates cerebrum and cerebellum Central Sulcus: separates frontal and parietal lobes |
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Corpus Callosum
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connects the right cerebral hemisphere to the left cerebral hemisphere
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Cranial Nerves
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12 pairs that arise from the underside of the brain
all nerves enter or exit from the brain (I)Olfactory: most anterior cranial nerve, responsible for smell (II)Optic: responsible for vision (III)Oculomotor: eye muscle movement (IV)Trochlear: eye muscle movement (V)Trigeminal: sensory to eye and motor to the mastication muscles (VI)Abducens: eye muscle movement (VII)Facial: taste (VIII)Vestibulocochlear: hearing and equilibrium (IX)Glossopharyngeal: taste (X)Vagus: carries parasympathetic impulses to thoracic & abdomen (XI)Accesory (XII)Hypoglassal: tongue |
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Spinal Nerves
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31 pairs
Sensory: afferent Motor: efferent Mixed: afferent and efferent |
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Autonomic Nervous System
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supplies visceral organs
usually involves 2 neurons controls glands, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle of blood vessels and digestive system (not skeletal) Sympathetic System: (fight or flight) increase blood pressure and heart rate Parasympathetic System: (rest and digest) restful condition, stimulates digestive system |
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Ganglion
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cluster of cell bodies in the PNS
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Membrane Coverings
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epineurium- covers only nerve
perineurium- covers fascicle endoneurium- covers nerve fiber |
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Central Nervous System (CNS)
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brain and spinal cord
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Gray Matter
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composed mostly of interneurons
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Nerve
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cordlike organ composed of numerous axons
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Somatic Nervous System
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consists of nerve fibers that connect the CNS to the skin and skeletal system
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Basal Ganglia
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located in the deep regions of the cerebral hemispheres and controls motor activities
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Dermatome
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map that is used clinically to help locate nerve damage
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Broca's Area
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speech
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Interventricular Foramen
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between lateral ventricle and third ventricle
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Cerebral Aqueduct
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between third ventricle and fourth ventricle
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Receptors
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General Senses: widely distributed throughout the body
Special Senses: arise from receptors located in the head |
