Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Name the two major types of structures composing the lymphatic system |
Lymphatic vessels, lymphatic tissue and organs |
|
|
Describe the source of lymph, and explain its formation and transport |
- Lymph, which begins as tissue fluid derived from blood capillaries, enters the lymph capillaries, travels through the lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes, and enters the bloodstream through the veins. The lymphatic vessels act primarily to pick up lymph. |
|
|
Describe the function of lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, tonsils, the thymus, Petersburg patches, and the spleen |
- Lymph Nodes: monitor composition of lymph, removes foreign material by producing lymphocytes. - Tonsils: capture bacteria and antigens entering respiratory system. - Peyer's Patches: capture and destroy intestinal bacteria in the digestive tract - Thymus: program lymphocytes during childhood. - Spleen: blood reservoir, filters and destroys old or damaged red blood cells. |
|
|
Explain how the lymphatic system is functionally related to the cardiovascular and immune systems |
- Immune: The lymph nodes in particular help protect the body by removing foreign material such as bacteria and tumor cells from the lymphatic stream and by producing lymphocytes that function in the immune response. - Cardiovascular: thin walled, valves, low-pressure, pumpless system, pressure changes in thorax, returns back to the heart |
|
|
Describe the protective functions of skin and mucous membranes |
Skin and mucus are part of the body's first line of defense in the innate defense system. They both act as mechanical barriers. |
|
|
Explain the importance of phagocyte & natural killer cells |
Phagocyte: A phagocyte engulfs a foreign particle and breaks it down/ digests it (phagocytosis - lysosome fuses with pathogen and breaks it down). Natural killer cells: Promote cell lysis by direct cell attack against virus-infected or cancerous body cells, release inflammatory chemicals; not specific. |
|
|
Describe the inflammatory process |
- The inflammatory response prevents the spread of damaging agents to nearby tissue, disposing of cell debris and pathogens, and sets the stage for repair. - Damaged cells release chemicals and histamine, which (1) causes blood vessels to dilate and capillaries to become leaky, (2) activate PAIN receptors, and (3) attract phagocytes and white blood cells to the area (CHEMOTAXIS). - (1) Neutrophils (first phagocytes to migrate into the injured area) enter the blood from bone marrow, (2) squeeze through capillary walls (diapedesis), (3) positive chemotaxis is when neutrophils gather in the injured area and devour foreign material, and (4) Fibrin mesh walls off the area of injury - Dilation of the blood vessels increases blood flow to the site area which causes REDNESS and HEAT. Leaky capillaries cause SWELLING. |
|
|
Name several antimicrobial substances produced by the body that act in innate body defense |
- Antimicrobial proteins enhance the innate defenses either by attacking microorganisms directly or hindering their ability to reproduce. - Compliment: a group of plasma proteins that amplifies the immune response by causes lysis (bursting) of cellular pathogens once it has been "fixed" to their surface. - Interferon proteins diffuse to nearby cells and bind to their membrane receptors, prevents those cells from being infected; interferon is synthesized when a cell has a viral infection |
|
|
Describe how fever helps protect the body |
Takes zinc and iron away from bacteria to reduce multiplication, speeds up repair process. |
