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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Electron Affinity (def)
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Energy released when e is received by atom; the more energy released, the more readily accepted
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Hund's Rule (def)
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predicts electron fill in orbital; unpaired e 1st > same spin
VALENCE E only....S&P |
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Electronegativity
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ability of an atom to attract electrons; Fluorine is most EN; TREND: Down Period Table, Across, EN increases
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Ionization Energy
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Energy required to remove most losely held electron from an atom in gaseous state; depends on charge of the nucleus; radius...further away, easier to remove
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Shielding
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Screening effect of the core (kernel) electrons on the outermost electrons; core electrons lessen effect of nuclear charge on outer e
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Electron Configuration Exceptions
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Cu, Ag, Au, Cr, Mo....d4 and d9 are unstable...don't completely fill s orbital...take s electron and make it d5 or d10
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Wave Mechanical Model
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De Broglie says e both a wave and a particle
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E=Hf
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Energy of a wave
Energy = Planck's constant (frequency) |
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E=mc^2
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Energy of particle
Energy = mass(speed of light) ^2 |
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Heisenberg Uncertainity Principle
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Both position and momentum cannot be known at the same time; only a probability of where it is
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Quantum #s
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describe the probable location of each electron
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1st Quantum Number (n)
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PEL
1-7 locates an e a specific distance from nucleus |
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2nd Quantum number (l)
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SUBLEVEL...shape of orbital
s,p,d,f s=0 2e p=1 6e d=2 10e f=3 14e |
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3rd Quantum number
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Orbitals, # orbitals per sublevel
-each orbital has max of 2e s = 1 orbital p = 3 d = 5 f = 7 |
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Orbital #s
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-l to +l
s = o p = -1 to 1 d = -2 to 2 f = -3 to 3 |
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4th Quantum Number
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SPIN! (ms)
+1/2 or -1/2 Opposite its partner |
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Pauli Exclusionary Principle
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no two electrons in the same atom can have the same set of quantum numbers (explained by orbital # and spin!)
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______ give support to particle theory of light.
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Photoelectric effect
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Paramagnetic (def)
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UNPAIRED ELECTRONS (same spin)
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Absorbtion of Energy takes place when an excited electrons ________ in PELs.
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Goes up in PELs.
n=3 to n=5 larger the gap, more energy needed |
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Energy is ________ when an excited electron falls back to ground state.
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Released!
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Radii of atoms decrease across the period due to _________.
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Increased nuclear charge
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Reindberg Equation
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-2.178x10^-19 X (1/nf^2 - 1/ni^2)
- empirically describe spectrum of hydrogen |
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Dalton's Atomic Theory
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Atoms are smallest, indivisible particles in nature; chemical reactions are rearrangments of atoms; atoms of an element is identical to every other atom in element; all matter is composed atoms
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