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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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hydronium ion
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H3O+(aq) the predominant form of the proton in aqueous solution
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Bronsted-Lowry acid
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a substance (molecule or ion) that acts as a proton donor
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Bronsted-Lowry base
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a substance (molecule or ion) that acts as a proton acceptor
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amphoteric substance
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a substance that is capable of acting as either an acid or a base
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conjugate base
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a substance formed by the loss of a ptoton form a Bronsted-Lowry acid
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conjugate acid
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a substance formed by addition of a ptoron to a Bronsted-Lowry base
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conjugate acid-base pair
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an acid and a base that differ only in the presence or absence of a proton. (Ex. H2) and OH-)
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autoionization
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the process whereby water spontaneously forms low concentrations of H+(aq) and OH-(aq) ions by proton transfer from one water molecule to another
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ion-product constant
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for water, Kw is the product of the aquated hydrogen ion and hydroxide ion concentrations:[H+][OH-]=Kw=1.0x10^-14 at 25 C.
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pH
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the negative log in base O of the aquated hydrogen ion concentration: -log[H+]
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acid-dissociation constant
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Ka an equilibrium constant that expresses the extent to which an acid transfers a proton to solvent water
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polyprotic acids
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acids that have more than one ionizable H atom
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amines
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a compound that has the general formula R3N, where R may be H or a hydrocarbon group
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base-dissociation constant
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Kb an equilibrium constant that expresses the extent to which a base reacts with solvent water accepting a proton and forming OH-(aq)
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hydrolysis
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a reaction with water. when a cation or anion reacts with water, it changes the pH
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oxyacids
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a compound in which one or more OH groups and possibly additional oxygen atoms, are bonded to a central atom
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carboxylic acids
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a compound that contains the --COOH functional group
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Lewis acids
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an electron-pair acceptor
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Lewis base
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an electron-pair donor
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