A&p Chapters 4&5

Front 1

The four main kinds of tissues that compose the bodies main organs include?

Back 1

Epithelial tissue

connective tissue

muscle tissue

nervous tissue

Front 2

Tissues differ from each other in…

Back 2

*Size and shape of their cells

*Amount and kind of material between the cell

* The special functions they perform to help maintain the body's health and survival

Front 3

Shape of epithelial cells are…

Back 3

Squamous

Cuboidal

Columnar

Transitional

Front 4

According to arrangement of cells, epithelial tissue can be labeled as…

Back 4

Simple or stratified

Front 5

Squamous epithelial cells

Back 5

Flat and scale like

Front 6

Cuboidal epithelial cells

Back 6

Cube shaped

Front 7

Columnar epithelial cells

Back 7

More tall then wide

Front 8

Transitional epithelial cells

Back 8

Varying shapes that can be stretched

Front 9

Simple epithelial tissues arrangement

Back 9

A single layer of cells of the same shape

Front 10

Stratified epithelial tissue arrangement

Back 10

Many layers of cells named for the shape of cells in the outer layer

Front 11

Simple squamous tissue

Back 11

Consist of a single layer of very thin, flat, irregular shaped cells. Substances readily pass through, making transport its special function

Front 12

Simple Squamous location

Back 12

Alveoli of Lungs

Lining of blood and lymphatic vessles

Front 13

Simple squamous functions

Back 13

Diffusion of respiratory gases between alveolar air and blood, in alveoli of lungs

Diffusion, filtration, osmosis in lining of blood and lymphatic vessles

Front 14

Stratified squamous epithelium tissue

Back 14

Consists of several layer of closley packed cells, an arrangement that makes this tissue especially good at protection

Front 15

Stratified squamous epithelium tissue

Back 15

Consists of several layer of closley packed cells, outer layers are flattened. An arrangement that makes this tissue especially good at protection

Front 16

Stratified Squamous epithelium tissue location

Back 16

Surface of lining of mouth and esophagus

Surface of skin(epidermis)

Front 17

Stratified squamous epithelium tissue function

Back 17

Protection

Front 18

Simple columnar epithelium

Back 18

Single layer of tall narrow, more taller then wide cells. With nuclei located toward the bottom of each cell. An open spaces called goblets cells.

Front 19

Simple columnar epithelium locations

Back 19

Surface of lining of stomach, intestines, parts of the respiratory tract

Front 20

Simple columnar epithelium locations

Back 20

Surface of lining of stomach, intestines, parts of the respiratory tract

Front 21

Simple Colmnar epithelium functions

Back 21

protection; secretion; transport(by absorption)

Front 22

Pseudostratified epithelium

Back 22

Cells that appear to be 2 layer but are actually one, and actually touches basement membrane. Cilia extended from cells move mucus, that protect from dust and foreign particles

Front 23

Pseudostratified epithelium location

Back 23

Lining portions of respiratory tract(trachea)

Lining of Fallopian tubes

Front 24

Pseudostratified epithelium functions

Back 24

Protection(by lining surfaces with mucus)

Front 25

Basement membrane

Back 25

Glue like membrane that lies under all epithelial tissues.

Front 26

Goblet cells

Back 26

Open spaces seen among cells, that produce mucus

Front 27

Stratified transitional epithelium

Back 27

Is typically found in body areas subject to stress and must be able to stretch. Up to 10 layers of differently shaped cells are present in the absence of stretching. When stretching occurs, the epithelial sheets expand, the number of cell layers decreases, and cell shape changes, from roughly cuboidal to nearly squamous

Front 28

Stratified transitional location

Back 28

Urinary bladder

Front 29

Stratified transitional epithelium function

Back 29

Protection, ability to stretch keeps prevents tearing under pressure of stretching

Front 30

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Back 30

Single layer of cells that are as tall as they are wide, form tubules other groupings adapted for secretory activity. Cells usually function in glands

Front 31

Simple cuboidal epithelium location

Back 31

Function in clusters or tubes of the secretory cells commonly called glands.

Also in kidney tubules

Front 32

Simple cuboidal epithelium function

Back 32

Form tubules that form urine in kidneys

Acts as endocrine or eccrine glands. Examples of glandular secretions are production of saliva in salivary gland, digestive juices, sweat, hormones

Front 33

Difference between exocrine and endocrine glands

Back 33

Exocrine glands release secretion though a duct, while endocrine glands release secretion directly into bloodstream

Front 34

Connective tissue

Back 34

The most abundant in widely distributed tissue in the body, found in skin, membranes, muscles, bones, nerves, and all internal organs. Structural quality and appearance of the matrix and fibers found between its cells determine the qualities of each type of connective tissue

Front 35

Major types of connective tissue in the body

Back 35

Areole Connective tissue

Adipose tissue

Fibrous connective tissue

Bone

Cartilage

Blood

Hematopoietic

Front 36

Areolar connective tissue

Back 36

Loose arrangement of collagen and elastic fibers, and cells. Most widely distributed of all connected tissue types, it is the "glue" that helps keep organs together. It is what mainly makes up the fascia.

Front 37

Areolar connective tissue (loose fibrous)

Back 37

Loose arrangement of collagen and elastic fibers, and cells. Most widely distributed of all connected tissue types, it is the "glue" that helps keep organs together. It is what mainly makes up the fascia.

Front 38

Areolar connective tissue location and function

Back 38

Connection in area between other tissues and organs

Front 39

Elastic Fibers

Back 39

Stretchy fibers made of rubbery elastin proteins. Helps tissue return to shorter length after stretching.

Front 40

Elastic Fibers

Back 40

Stretchy fibers made of rubbery elastin proteins. Helps tissue return to shorter length after stretching.

Front 41

Collagen fibers

Back 41

Strong but flexible protein

Front 42

Fascia of the body

Back 42

Fibrous material that help bind the skin, muscles, bones, and other organs together

Front 43

Adipose tissue(fat tissue)

Back 43

When areolar tissue starts to store fat, it can develop into adipose tissue. Cells contain numerous large fat vesicles. Secrete hormones that help regulate metabolism and fuel storage in the body

Front 44

Adipose connective tissue location

Back 44

Area under skin; padding at various points

Front 45

Adipose connective tissue location

Back 45

Area under skin; padding at various points

Front 46

Adipose connective tissue functions

Back 46

Protection; insulation; support; nutrient reserve

Front 47

Brown fat

Back 47

This special kind of adipose tissue actually burns it's fuel when the body is too cold to produce heat. This along with shivering by muscles, helps restore hemostasis of the body temperature

Front 48

Reticular tissue

Back 48

Another type of a fibrous connective tissue, a netlike arrangement of thin, delicate recticular fibers. Forms a supporting scaffold for other soft tissues. For example, it helps support cells of the blood-forming hematopoietic tissue.

Front 49

Recticular tissue location

Back 49

Red bone marrow; lymph nodes; spleen

Front 50

Recticular tissue location

Back 50

Red bone marrow; lymph nodes; spleen

Front 51

Reticular tissue funtion

Back 51

Supports soft tissue; filtration

Front 52

Dense fibrous connective tissue

Back 52

Dense arrangement of collagen fiber bundles in a parallel row. Composes tendons, provides great strength and flexibility but does not stretch.

Front 53

Dense fibrous connective tissue location

Back 53

Tendons; ligaments; fascia; scar tissue

Front 54

Dense fibrous connective tissue location

Back 54

Tendons; ligaments; fascia; scar tissue

Front 55

Dense fibrous connective tissue function

Back 55

Flexible but strong connection

Front 56

Bone connective tissue

Back 56

One of the most well-known forms of connected tissue. Hard, calcified matrix arranged in osteons. Storage area for calcium and provides support and protection for the body

Front 57

Bone connective tissue

Back 57

One of the most well-known forms of connected tissue. Hard, calcified matrix arranged in osteons. Storage area for calcium and provides support and protection for the body

Front 58

Bone connective tissue function and location

Back 58

Support; protection

Skeleton

Front 59

Cartilage

Back 59

Hard but flexible matrix with embedded chondrocytes. Consistency of firm plastic or gristlelike gel

Front 60

Cartilage connective tissue

Back 60

Hard but flexible matrix with embedded chondrocytes. Consistency of firm plastic or gristlelike gel

Front 61

Cartilage connective tissue

Back 61

Hard but flexible matrix with embedded chondrocytes. Consistency of firm plastic or gristlelike gel

Front 62

Cartilage connective tissue location

Back 62

Part of nasal septum; area covering surfaces of bones; larynx; rings in trachea and bronchi

Disk between vertebrae

External ear

Front 63

Cartilage connective tissue functions

Back 63

Firm but flexible support

withstand pressure

Flexible support

Front 64

Osteons

Back 64

Numerous structural building blocks formed by matrix of bone, haversian systems

Front 65

Chondrocytes

Back 65

Cartilage cells located in tiny spaces throughout the matrix

Front 66

Blood connective tissue

Back 66

The most unusual form of connected tissue, it's matrix is liquid with flowing red and white blood cells. Located in blood vessels, it has transportation and protective functions in the body

Front 67

Hematopoietic connective tissue

Back 67

Blood like connective tissue, has a liquid matrix with dense arrangement of blood cell-producing cells(often supported by reticular tissue)

Found in red bone marrow, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, and tonsils

Responsible for The formation of blood cells and lymphatic system cells important in our defense against disease

Front 68

Muscle tissue

Back 68

Have a high degree of contractility than any other tissue.

Front 69

3 types of muscle tissue are

Back 69

Skeletal muscle tissue

Cardiac muscle tissue

Smooth muscle tissue

Front 70

Skeletal muscle tissue

Back 70

Voluntary muscle, long threadlike cells called fibers, multiple nuclei and many cross striations

Front 71

Location and function of skeletal muscle tissue

Back 71

Muscles that attach to bones- maintenance of posture; movements of bones

Eyeball muscles- eye movements

Upper third of esophagus- involved in first part of swallowing

Front 72

Cardiac muscle tissue

Back 72

Branching, interconnected cylinders with faint striations and intercalated . Forms the walls of the heart, it's function is contraction of the heart

Front 73

Smooth muscle tissue

Back 73

Is involuntary. Threadlike cells with single nuclei and no striations.

Front 74

Smooth muscle in walls of tubular viscera of digestive, respiratory, and genitourinary tract

Back 74

Moves substances along respective tracts

Front 75

Smooth muscle in walls of blood vessels and large lymphatic vessels

Back 75

Change the diameter of vessels

Front 76

Smooth muscle in ducts of glands

Back 76

Moves substances along ducts

Front 77

Smooth muscle in ducts of glands

Back 77

Moves substances along ducts

Front 78

Smooth muscle in intrinsic Eye muscles(iris and ciliary body)

Back 78

Changes diameter of peoples and shape of the lens

Front 79

Smooth muscle in ducts of glands

Back 79

Moves substances along ducts

Front 80

Smooth muscle in intrinsic Eye muscles(iris and ciliary body)

Back 80

Changes diameter of peoples and shape of the lens

Front 81

Smooth muscle in arrector muscles of hairs

Back 81

Errects hairs(goose pimples)

Front 82

Nervous tissue

Back 82

Nerve cells with large bodies and thin fiber like extensions. Made of two parts neurons and glia. Function is rapid communication between body structures and control of body functions located in brain; spinal cord; and nerves

Front 83

Neurons

Back 83

Functional unit of nervous tissue, characterized by a cell body and two processes, 1 axon and 1 or more dendrites

Axon transmits nerve impulse away from cell body

Dendrites carry toward the body

Front 84

Regeneration

Back 84

Growth of new tissue