A&p Chapter 5

Front 1

Tissues

Back 1

Cells organized into layers or groups of similar cells with a common function.

Front 2

Histology

Back 2

Study of tissues.

Front 3

Epithelial Tissues

Back 3

Found on the surface of the body and organs, forms inner lining of body cavities and lines hollow organs. Always has is exposed to outside or open internal space.

Front 4

Basement Membrane

Back 4

Anchors Epithelial tissue to connective tissue by thin nonliving layer.

Front 5

Simple Squamous Epithelium

Back 5

Consist of a single layer, thin,flattened cells.They fit tightly like floor tiles and nuclei are usually broad and thin. Lines air sacs of lungs, walls of capillaries, lines blood and lymth vessles, and membranes that line body cavities.

Front 6

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Back 6

Single layer of cube-shaped cells with centerally located spherical nuclei. Lines follicles of thyroid gland, covers ovaries, lines kidney tubules & ducts ie salivary glands, panceas, & liver.

Front 7

Simple Columnar Epithelium

Back 7

Single layer elongated cells, nuclei usually located close to basement membrane. Two types Cilia & Noncilia.

Front 8

Pseudostratified Columar Epithelium

Back 8

Single layer, elongated cells, commonly have cilia, have Goblet cells. Lines respiratory passages. Protects, scretions, movement of mucus and substance (dust & microbs) from lungs.

Front 9

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Back 9

Many layers of cells tissues realtively thick. Surface cells thin an long underlining cells are more cubidal or columnar. Is outerlay of skin (epidermis)outer cell accumulate protein (keratin)creates a barrier.

Front 10

Stratified Columnar Epithelium

Back 10

Several layers of cells. Superficial cells are elongated, basal layer cells are cube shaped. found in male urethra and pharynx.

Front 11

Straified Cuboidal Epithelium

Back 11

Two to three layers of cuboidal cells, form lining of lumen. Lines the larger ducts of mammry gland, sweat glands, salivary glands, and pancreas and parts of developing female reporductive system.

Front 12

Lumen

Back 12

is an inner space, lining or cavity.

Front 13

Transitional Epithelium

Back 13

(Uroepithelium) specialized to change in response to increase tension can expand an contract. Many layers of cubiod shaped cells. found in inner lining of urnary bladder, ureters and uretha.

Front 14

Glandular Epithelium

Back 14

Cells that produce and secrete substances into the ducts or body fluids.

Front 15

Exocrine Glands

Back 15

Glands that screte products into ducts that open onto surfaces, such as the skin or lining of digestive tract.

Front 16

Endocrine Glands

Back 16

Glands that secrete products into tissues fluid or blood.

Front 17

Merocrine Glands

Back 17

Glands that release fluid product by exocytosis.

Front 18

Apocrine Gland

Back 18

are glands that lose small portions of their glandular cell bodies during secretion.

Front 19

Holocrine Glands

Back 19

Glands that release entire cells.

Front 20

Connective Tissues

Back 20

Comprise much of body's weight. Binds structures, provides support and protection, acts a frame work. fills spaces, stores fat, produces blood cells,protects against infection, repairs damage tissue.

Front 21

Extracellular matrix

Back 21

Consist of fibers and ground substances whose consistencyvaries from fluid to semi solid.

Front 22

Fibroblast

Back 22

Fixed cell in connective tissues. Large, star shaped, cells produce fibers by secreting proteins inmto the Extracellular matrix of connective tissues.

Front 23

Macrophages

Back 23

(Histiocytes) Originate as white blood cells. usually attached to fiber, but can move freely. Specialized for phagocytosis. Scavenger cells, clear up foreign particles, role in defense/immunity.

Front 24

Mast Cells

Back 24

Found in connective tissues, usually located near blood vessels. Release Heparin(prevents blood clotting). Releases histamine.

Front 25

Collagenous fibers

Back 25

Thick threads of protein collagen.

Front 26

Collagen

Back 26

Majority structural protein in the body. Found in long bundles, flexible, slightly elastic. Found in ligaments and tendons.

Front 27

Elastic Fibers

Back 27

Composed of a springlike protein called elastin.

Front 28

Elastin

Back 28

a protein in connective tissue that is elastic and allows many tissues in the body to resume their shape after stretching or contracting.

Front 29

Reticular Fibers

Back 29

Very thin collagenous fibers. Highly branched, forming delicate supporting networks in variety tissues, like in the spleen.

Front 30

Connective Tissues Categories (1)

Back 30

Connective Tissues Proper: includes connective tissues such as reticular, adipose, dense, and elastic connective tissue.

Front 31

Connective Tissues Categories (2)

Back 31

Specialized connective tissues: carilage, bone, nad blood.

Front 32

Loose Connective Tissues

Back 32

Areolar tissue: delicate, thin membranes through body. cells mainly fiberoblasts, located apart, separated by gel like ground substances. Binds skin to underlying organs, fills muscle spaces.

Front 33

Adipose Tissue

Back 33

Fat, is another form of connective tissue. Loose connective tissue composed of adipocytes.

Front 34

Adipocytes

Back 34

cells that primarily compose adipose tissue, specialized in storing energy as fat.

Front 35

Reticular Connective Tissue

Back 35

Composed of thin, collagenous fibers in 3d network.provides frame work for internal organs like speen, liver, & lympthatic organs.

Front 36

Dense Connective Tissue

Back 36

Closely packed, thick, collagenous fibers, fine network of elastic fibers, and few cells most are fiberoblasts. Often binds tendons & ligaments. Poor blood delivery. Heals slow!

Front 37

Elastic Connective Tissue

Back 37

Yellow, elastic fibers in parallel strands or branching netwroks.between fibers is collagenous fibers and fiberblast. Found in spinal column, heart, airways,and where elastic property is needed.

Front 38

Cartilage

Back 38

Rigid connective tissue, forms structural model for many developming bones.

Front 39

Chondrocytes

Back 39

Cartilage Cells and lie in small chambers called lacunae.

Front 40

Hyaline Cartilage

Back 40

Looks like white glass, found at the ends of bones in many joints, nose, support rings of respiratory passages, embyro skeleton.

Front 41

Elastic Cartilage

Back 41

More flexible than Hyaline Cartilage, because of extracellular matrix contains many elastic fibers. Found in ears and larynx.

Front 42

Fibrocartilage

Back 42

Very tough, many collagenous fibers, shock absorber for structures that are subjected to pressure ie intervetebral disc, vertebae, bones and knees, pelivc girdle.

Front 43

Bone

Back 43

(Osseous tissue) most rigid connective tissue. Hardness is due to mineral salts, calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate. Contains red marrow, which forms white blood cells.

Front 44

Osteoblasts

Back 44

mononucleate cell that is responsible for bone formation. Osteoblasts produce osteoid, which is composed mainly of Type I collagen.

Front 45

Osteon

Back 45

(Haversian system) in a bone, ocsteocutes and layers of extracellular matrix, which are concentrically clustered around a canal, form a cylinder-shaped.

Front 46

Blood

Back 46

Connective tissue, composed of cells suspended in a fluid extracellular matrix called plasma

Front 47

Serous Membrane

Back 47

smooth membrane consisting of a thin layer of cells which excrete a fluid, known as serous fluid. Serous membranes line and enclose several body cavities, known as serous cavities, where they secrete a lubricating fluid which reduces friction from muscle movement.

Front 48

Epithelial Membranes

Back 48

Thin sheetlike structures, usually composed of epithelial & underlying tissues, covering body surfaces, lining body cavities. 3 types Serous, Mucous, cutaneous.

Front 49

Mucous Membrane

Back 49

linings of mostly endodermal origin, covered in epithelium, involved in absorption and secretion. They line various body cavities that are exposed to the external environment and internal organs. It is at several places continuous with skin: at the nostrils, the lips, the ears, the genital area, and the anus. The sticky, thick fluid secreted by the mucous membranes and gland is termed mucus.

Front 50

Cutaneous Membrane

Back 50

Commonly called skin.