A&p Chapter 4

Front 1

Epithelial Tissue (3)

Back 1

-Covers body surfaces
-Lines organs, cavities, ducts
-Forms Glands

Front 2

Connective Tissue

Back 2

-Protects and supports the body and organs

Front 3

Muscular Tissue

Back 3

Makes up muscles

Front 4

Nervous tissue

Back 4

- Creates action potentials to help maintain homeostasis

Front 5

Primary Germ Layers

Back 5

-Ectoderm
-Endoderm
-Mesoderm

Front 6

Cell Juctions

Back 6

Contact points between plasma membranes of tissue cells

Front 7

Tight Junctions

Back 7

-Have strands of Transmembrane Proteins to prevent fluid leakage

Front 8

Adherens Junctions

Back 8

-Contains Plaque and Cadherins attached to microfilaments

Front 9

Plaque

Back 9

Located on the inside of plasma membrane proteins

Front 10

Cadherins

Back 10

Transmembrane glycoproteins that join the adherens junctions

Front 11

Desmosomes

Back 11

-Contains Plaque and cadherins attached to Intermediate Filaments

Front 12

Makes up Intermediate Filament

Back 12

Keratin

Front 13

Hemidesmosome

Back 13

- Half of a desmosome that anchors cell to basement membrane

Front 14

Integrin

Back 14

Like cadherins of adherens Junctions and Desmosomes

Front 15

Laminin

Back 15

Protein on the basement membrane

Front 16

Gap Junctions

Back 16

Hole between adjacent cells that allows passing of nutrients

Front 17

Connexin

Back 17

Membrane Proteins that form Connexons which connects the cells at gap junction

Front 18

Basal Lamina

Back 18

Thin layer of basement membrane secreted by epithelial Cells

Front 19

Reticular Lamina

Back 19

Deep layer of basement membrane closer to connective tissue

Front 20

Functions of Epithelial Tissue

Back 20

-Protection
-Excretion
-filtration
-secretion
-absorbtion

Front 21

Simple Epithelium (3)

Back 21

-Absorbtion
-Secretion
-Diffusion

Front 22

Pseudostratified epithelium

Back 22

Still simple epithelium because all cells rest on basement membrane

Front 23

Stratified epithelium

Back 23

2 or more layers of cells used for protection

Front 24

Squamous Cells

Back 24

Flat and thin for rapid passage

Front 25

Cuboidal Cells

Back 25

Shaped like cubes for secretion or absorbtion

Front 26

Columnar Cells

Back 26

Columns for secretion and Absorbtion

Front 27

Transitional cells

Back 27

Changes shape between cuboidal to squamous

Front 28

Endothelium

Back 28

Simple Squamous that lines Hear, Blood and lymph vessels

Front 29

Mesothelium

Back 29

Simple squamous that forms Peritoneum

Front 30

Goblet Cells

Back 30

Modified Columnar cells that secrete mucus for protection or lubrication

Front 31

Keratin

Back 31

Tough Fibrous protein that protects skin

Front 32

Endocrine Gland

Back 32

Secretes products directly into Bloodstream

Front 33

Exocrine Gland

Back 33

Secretes products via ducts

Front 34

Simple Gland

Back 34

No branching Ducts

Front 35

Compound gland

Back 35

Branching Ducts

Front 36

Tubular Gland

Back 36

Glands shaped long and tube like

Front 37

Acinar Gland

Back 37

Glands shaped more fat and rounded

Front 38

TubuloAcinar Gland

Back 38

Has both Tubular and Acinar Glands

Front 39

Merocrine Glands

Back 39

Secretions are synthesized on ribosomes on Rough ER, packed by Golgi, and secreted via vesicles

i.e Salivary Gland

Front 40

Apocrine Glands

Back 40

Accumulates secretory product at surface and that portion of cell pinches off.
i.e Mammary Glands

*Electron micrographs calls into question the existance of these glands

Front 41

Holocrine Glands

Back 41

Cell explodes and releases the products

i.e Sebaceous Gland

Front 42

-blast

Back 42

Signifies an immature cell still capable of much division

Front 43

-cyte

Back 43

signifies a mature cell no longer able to divide very often

Front 44

Fibroblasts

Back 44

A Connective Tissue cell that Floats around and secretes gound substance of the Extracellular Matrix

Front 45

Macrophages

Back 45

Large Eaters floating around connective tissue to eat stuff

Front 46

Plasma Cells

Back 46

A Connective Tissue cell that secretes antibodies

Front 47

Mast Cells

Back 47

A Connective Tissue cell taht produce histamine to dilate small blood vessels as an inflammatory response

Front 48

Adipocytes

Back 48

Fat Cells that store triglycerides (Fats)

Front 49

White Blood Cells

Back 49

A cell that migrates from blood to connective tissue to fight

Front 50

Ground substance

Back 50

Component of connective tissue between cells and fibers

Front 51

GAGs

Back 51

Stuff that makes up ground substance

Front 52

Collagen Fibers

Back 52

Can be bent but cannot stretch

Front 53

Elastic Fibers

Back 53

Can be stretched very long and return to original shape

Front 54

Reticular Fiber

Back 54

Like Collagen Fibers, Can bend but not stretch

Front 55

Mesenchyme

Back 55

Example of embryonice connective tissue that all other connective tissues arise from

Front 56

Types of Loose Connective Tissue
(3)

Back 56

-Areolar
-Adipose Tissue
-Reticular

Front 57

Areolar Connective Tissue (2)

Back 57

-Loose Connective tissue that Contains all the cells and fibers

-Provides Strength and support

Front 58

Adipose Tissue (2)

Back 58

-Loose Connective Tissue that contains adipocytes which store triglycerides

-Reduces Heatloss

Front 59

Reticular Connective Tissue

Back 59

Loose connective tissue made of fine interlacing fibers used for filtration

Front 60

Types of Dense Connective Tissue (3)

Back 60

-Dense Regular
-Dense Irregular
-Elastic

Front 61

Dense Regular Connective Tissue

Back 61

Regularly arranged bundle of collagen. Withstands pulling forces on an axis

i.e Tendons Ligaments

Front 62

Dense Irregular Connective tissue

Back 62

Irregularly arranged bundle of collagen. Withstands pulling from all directions

i.e Skin

Front 63

Elastic Connective Tissue

Back 63

Strong Dense Connective Tissue used to recoil back to it's original shape

i.e Lungs, Artery

Front 64

Types of Cartilage (3)

Back 64

-Hyaline
-Fibro-
-Elastic

Front 65

Chondrocytes

Back 65

Cells of Mature Cartilage

Front 66

Lacunae

Back 66

Groups of Cartilage

Front 67

Perchondrium

Back 67

Dense Connective tissue surrounding cartilage

Front 68

Hyaline Cartilage (3)

Back 68

-Most abundant type of Cartilage
-Provides smooth movement between joints
-Weakest type of cartilage

Front 69

Fibrocartilage (2)

Back 69

-Strongest Cartilage
-Found between vertebrae

Front 70

Elastic Cartilage (2)

Back 70

-Maintains structure shape
-Found in ears

Front 71

Interstitial Growth

Back 71

Growth of cartilage at young age

Front 72

Appositional Growth

Back 72

Growth of cartilage at an old age due to mitosis of deep chondrocytes

Front 73

Haversian System and parts

Back 73

Unit of Compact Bone
-Lamellae
-Lacunae
-Canaliculi
-Haversian Canal

Front 74

Lamellae

Back 74

Concentrated extra cellular matrix that gives bone it's hardness

Front 75

Lacunae

Back 75

Spaces betwwen Lamellae containing osteocytes

Front 76

Canaliculi

Back 76

Little canals for nutrients of bone

Front 77

Haversian Canal

Back 77

Route for blood vessels and nerves

Front 78

Spongy Bone

Back 78

-Lacks Osteon
-Contains Trabeculae

Front 79

Liquid Connective Tissue types (2)

Back 79

Blood Tissue
Lymph

Front 80

Blood Tissue

Back 80

Just blood with blood plasma

Front 81

Lymph

Back 81

ECF that flows in lymphatic vessels

Front 82

Types of Epithelial Membranes

Back 82

- Mucous Membrane
- Serous Membrane
- Cutaneous Membrane

Front 83

Mucous Membrane

Back 83

Lines body cavity open directly to exterior, digestive respiratory, and reproductive tracts

Front 84

Lamina Propria

Back 84

Connective tissue layer of mucous membrane

Front 85

Serous Membrane types(serosa) (3)

Back 85

-Pleura
-Pericardium
-Peritoneum

Front 86

Synovial membrane

Back 86

- Lines cavities of Joints
- Does not have epithelium

Front 87

Components of Nerve Cell

Back 87

-Dendrite
-Cell Body
-Axon
-Neuroglia

Front 88

Fibrosis

Back 88

Synthesis of collagen by fibroblasts forming scar tissue

Front 89

Granulation Tissue

Back 89

Actively growing connective tissue

Front 90

Adhesion

Back 90

Abnormal joining of tissues

Front 91

Serous Parietal Layer

Back 91

Connects to Body Cavity wall

Front 92

Serous Viceral Layer

Back 92

Connects to organ