A&p Chapter 22: The Respiratory System

Front 1

What is the major function of the respiratory system?

Back 1

to supply the body w oxygen and dispose of carbon dioxide

Front 2

What are (4) things needed if respirtaion is going to happen?

Back 2

(1)pulmonary ventilation (2)external respiration (3)transport of respiraotory gases (4) internal respiration

Front 3

What is pulmonary ventilation?

Back 3

is the movement of air into and out of the lungs so that the gases there are continousaly changed and refreshed

Front 4

NAME
is the movement of air into and out of the lungs so that the gases there are continously changed and refreshed

Back 4

pulmonary ventilation

Front 5

What is external respiration?

Back 5

is the movement of Oxygen from the lungs to the blood and of carbone dioxoide from the blood to the lungs

Front 6

nAME
is the movement of Oxygen from the lungs to the blood and of carbon dioxoide from the blood to the lungs

Back 6

external respiration

Front 7

What is the transport of respiratory gases?

Back 7

is the transport of O2 from the lungs to the tissue cells of the body and of CO from the tissue cells of the lungs

Front 8

NAME
is the transport of O2 from the lungs to the tissue cells of the body and of CO from the tissue cells of the lungs

Back 8

transport of respiratory gases

Front 9

How is the transport of respiratory gases accomplished?

Back 9

by the cardiovascular system using blood as the transporting fluid

Front 10

NAME
this is accimplished by the cardiovascular system using blood as the transporting fluid

Back 10

transport of respiratory gases

Front 11

What is internal respiration?

Back 11

is the movement of O2 from blood to tissue cells and of CO from tissue cells to the blood

Front 12

NAME
this is the movement of O2 from the blood to tissue cells and of CO from tissue cells to the blood

Back 12

internal respirtaion

Front 13

What are the two roles that the respiratory system has to take on? (2)

Back 13

(1)pulmonary ventilation (2)external respiration

Front 14

What are the parts of the respiratory sytem?

Back 14

(1)nose (2)nasal cavity (3)pharynx (4)larnyx (5)bronchi (6)lungs (7)alveoli

Front 15

NAME
its parts include the nose, nasal cavity, the paharynx, larnyx, bronchi, lungs, and alvioli

Back 15

respiratory system

Front 16

T or F
the respiratory and the circulatory system are highly coupled

Back 16

true

Front 17

What are alveoli?

Back 17

are terminal air sacs found in the lungs

Front 18

NAME
this are terminal air sacs found in the lungs

Back 18

alveoli

Front 19

What are the (2) zones of the respirartory system?

Back 19

(1)respiratory zone (2)conducting zone

Front 20

NAME
this consists of two zones, the respiratory zone and the conducting zone

Back 20

the respiratory system

Front 21

What is the respiratory zone?

Back 21

is the actual site of gas exchange

Front 22

nMAE
this is the actual site of gase exchange

Back 22

respiratory zone

Front 23

What makes of the respiratory zone? (3)

Back 23

(1)broncioles (2)alveolar ducts (3)alveoli

Front 24

NAME
this consists of the broncioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli

Back 24

the respiratory system

Front 25

What is the conducting zone?

Back 25

its respiratory passages provide fairly rigid conduits for air to reach the gas exchange sites

Front 26

NAME
its respiratory passages provide fairly rigid conducts for air to reach the gas exchange sites

Back 26

conducting zone

Front 27

What is another role of the conducting zone?

Back 27

its organs also cleanse, humidify, and warm incoming air

Front 28

NAME
its organs also cleanse, humidigy, and warm incoming air

Back 28

conducting zone

Front 29

NAME
this is the only externally visbile part of the respiratory system

Back 29

nose

Front 30

What are the functions of the nose? (5)

Back 30

(1)provides an airway for respiration (2)moistens and warms entering air (3)filters an d cleans inspired air (4)serves as a resonating chamber of speech (5)houses smell receptors

Front 31

NAME
its functions include provides an airway for entering air, moistens and warms entering air, filters and cleans inspired air, serves as a resonating chamber for speech, and houses the smell receptors

Back 31

nose

Front 32

What are the two parts that divide the nose structurally?

Back 32

(1)external nose (2)internal nasal cavity

Front 33

NAME
this is divided into two parts: the external nose and the internal nasal cavity

Back 33

nose

Front 34

NAME
this is the area btwn the eyebrows

Back 34

the bridge

Front 35

What is the bridge?

Back 35

the area btwn the eyebrows

Front 36

What is the apex?

Back 36

the tip of the nose

Front 37

NAME
this is the tip of the nose

Back 37

apex

Front 38

What are the nostrils?

Back 38

are the external openings of the nose

Front 39

NAME
these are the external openings of the nose

Back 39

nostrils

Front 40

Why do noses vary a great deal in size and shape?

Back 40

bc of differs in nasal cartilage

Front 41

During breathing, air enters the cavity by passing through (1)

Back 41

the nostrils

Front 42

How does air enter the nasal cavity?

Back 42

through the nostrils

Front 43

What divides the nasal cavity in the middle?

Back 43

nasal spetum

Front 44

What is the nasal spetum?

Back 44

is a midline that divides the nasal cavity

Front 45

the roof of the nasal cavity is formed by the (1) and (2)of the skull

Back 45

(ethmoid and sphenoid bones of the skull

Front 46

What is the palate?

Back 46

forms the floor of the nasal cavity and seperates the nasal caivty from the oral cavity below

Front 47

NAME
this forms the floor of the nasal cavity and also seperates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity below

Back 47

the palate

Front 48

What is the hard palate?

Back 48

is supported by the maxillary processes and the palatine bones

Front 49

nAME
this is suppored by the maxillary processes and the palatine bones

Back 49

hard palate

Front 50

What are two types of palate?

Back 50

(1)hard (2)soft

Front 51

What is the soft palate?

Back 51

is the unsupported portion

Front 52

NAME
is the unsupported portion

Back 52

soft palate

Front 53

What is the differ btwn the hard palate and the soft palate?

Back 53

(1)hard palate- is supported by the maxillary processes and the palatine bone (2)soft palate- is the unsupported part

Front 54

What is the vestibule/

Back 54

is the part of the nasal cavity tha is lined w sebaceous and sweat glands and numerous hair folliles

Front 55

NAME
this is the part of the nasal caivty that is lined w sebaceous and sweat glands and numerous hair folliles

Back 55

vestibule

Front 56

What are vibrissae?

Back 56

are hairs that filter coarse particles such as dust from inspired air

Front 57

NAME
these are hiars that filter coarse particles such as dust from inspired air

Back 57

vibrissae

Front 58

What are (2) types of mucous membranes that line the nasal cavity?

Back 58

(1)olfactory mucosa (2) the respirator mucosa

Front 59

What is the olfactory mucosa?

Back 59

contains smell receptors

Front 60

NAME
this contains smell receptors

Back 60

olfactory mucosa

Front 61

What is the respiratory mucosa?

Back 61

is pseudostrafied cilated columnar epithelia tissue that contains goblet cells, mucous, and serous glands

Front 62

NAME
this is pseudostrafied cilated columnar epithelia tissue that contains goblet cells, mucous, and serous glands

Back 62

respiratory mucosa

Front 63

Each day the mucous and serous glands secrete about a quart of (1)

Back 63

lysozyme

Front 64

The epithelial cells of the respiratory mucosa also secrete (1)

Back 64

defensins

Front 65

What are defensins?

Back 65

are natural antibiotics that help to get rid of invading microbes

Front 66

NAME
are natural antibiotics that help tp get rid of invading microbes

Back 66

defensins

Front 67

(1) can create currents that move contaminated mucus posteriorly toward the throat

Back 67

the cilated cells of the respirtatory mucusoa

Front 68

Explain why you might have a runny nose on a cold day

Back 68

bc water vapor in expired air tends to condense at lower temp

Front 69

How does the noise expel irratants?

Back 69

by a sneeze can force air outward w a violent burst

Front 70

Why are nose bleed often common?

Back 70

bc of the abdunanace and superficial location of blood vessels

Front 71

What are (3) scroll like mucosa cover projections found in the nasal cavity?

Back 71

(1)superior conchae (2)middle conchae(3)inferior conchae

Front 72

What are some of the functions of nasal mucosa and conchae?

Back 72

function during heat, filter, and moisten the air (2)reclaim heat and moisture

Front 73

inhaled air cools the (1) then during exhalation those cooled (1) preceptiate and moisture and extract heat from the humid air flowing over them

Back 73

conchae

Front 74

inhaled air (1) the conchae then during exhalation those cooled conchae (2)

Back 74

(1)cools (2)preceptiate and moisture and extract heat from the humid air flowing over them

Front 75

NAME
these help tp reclaim heat and moisture

Back 75

conchae

Front 76

What helps us to survive during dry and cold climates?

Back 76

the reclamation mechanisms that minizme the amout of moisture and heat lost from the body

Front 77

The nasal cavity is surrounded by a ring of (1)

Back 77

paranasal sinuses

Front 78

The (1) is surrounded by a ring of paranasal sinuses

Back 78

nasal cavity

Front 79

NAME
these help to lighten the skull and together w the nasal cavity warm and moisten the air

Back 79

paranasal sinuses

Front 80

What is rhinitis?

Back 80

is the inflammation of the nasal mucosa accompanied by excessive mucus production, nasal congestion, and postnasal drip

Front 81

NAME
this is the inflammation of the nasal mucosa accompanied by excessive mucus production, nasal congestion, and postnasal drip

Back 81

rhinitis

Front 82

T or F
bc the sinsus wrap around the nasal caivty, rhinitis can often cause sinustis by the bacteria spreads to the sinuses

Back 82

true

Front 83

What is sinusitis?

Back 83

inflamed sinuses

Front 84

NAME
this refers to inflamed sinuses

Back 84

sinusitis

Front 85

What causes a sinus headache?

Back 85

when the passageways connecting the sinuses to the nasal caivty are blocked w mucus or infectious material and the air in the sinus cavities is absorbed

Front 86

NAME
this will result if the passageways connecting the sinuses to the nasal caivty are blocked w mucus or infectious material and the air in the sinus cavities is absorbed

Back 86

sinus headahce

Front 87

What is the pharnyx?

Back 87

refers to the throat

Front 88

NAME
this refers to throat

Back 88

pharynx

Front 89

What are the (3) regions of the pharynx?

Back 89

(1)nasopharynx (2)oropharynx (3)laryngopharynx

Front 90

NAME
this has three regions: nasopharynx, oropharynx, and larynogpharynx

Back 90

pharynx

Front 91

What is the nasopharynx?

Back 91

serves only as an air passageway

Front 92

NAME
this serves only as an air passageway

Back 92

nasopharynx

Front 93

What happens when you swallow?

Back 93

the soft palate and the uvula move superioly to closes off the nasopharynx and prevents food from entering the nasal cavity

Front 94

What prevents food from entering the nasal cavity?

Back 94

the soft palate and the uvula move superiorly to close off the nasopharynx and prevents food from entering the nasal cavity

Front 95

the (1) and (2) move superioly to close off the nasopharynx so that food does not enter the nasal cavity

Back 95

(1)soft palate (2)uvula

Front 96

The soft palate and the uvula move superiorly to close off the (1) so that food does not enter the nasal cavity

Back 96

nasopharanyx

Front 97

What kind of tissue does the nasopharynx have?

Back 97

ciliated pseudostrafied eptihelia that takes over the job of propelling mucus where the nasal mucusoa leaves off

Front 98

NAME
this has ciliated pseudostrafied epithelia that takes over the job of propelling mcus where the nasal mucuosa leaves off

Back 98

nasopharynx

Front 99

What kind of tissue does the pharynx have?

Back 99

(1)the muscualar portion has skeletal muscle (2)its cellular portion of its mucosa differs from one region to another

Front 100

NAME
its muscualr portion has skeletal muscle and its cellular portion of its mucosa differs from one region to another

Back 100

pharynx

Front 101

the pharyngeal tonsil is also called the (1)

Back 101

adenoids

Front 102

(1) the is also called the adenoids

Back 102

pharyngeal tonsil

Front 103

NAME
this contains the adenoids

Back 103

nasopharynx

Front 104

The nasopharynx has the (1)

Back 104

adenoids

Front 105

T or F
when the adenoids are enlarged speech and sleep may be disturbed

Back 105

true

Front 106

the auditory tubes are also called the (1)

Back 106

pharyngotympanic tubes

Front 107

the (1) are also called pharyngotmapanic tubes

Back 107

auditory tubes

Front 108

What are the pharyngotympanic tubes?

Back 108

drain the middle ear cavities and allow the middle ear presssure to equalize w atomspheric pressure

Front 109

NAME
this drains the middle ear cavities and allows the middle ear pressure to equalize w atompsheric pressure

Back 109

pharyngotympanic tubes

Front 110

What is the tubal tonsil?

Back 110

help to protect the middle ear against infections likely to spread from the nasopharynx

Front 111

NAME
these help to protect the middle ear against infections likely to spread from the nasopharynx

Back 111

tubal tonsil

Front 112

What is the oropharynx?

Back 112

is continous w the archway called fauces and both swallowed food and inhaled air pass through it

Front 113

NAME
it is continous w the archway called fauces and both swallowed food inhaled air pass through it

Back 113

oropharynx

Front 114

What kind of tissue does the oropharynx have?

Back 114

stratified squamous epithelia

Front 115

What kind of tissue does the laryngopharynx have?

Back 115

stratifed squamous epithelia

Front 116

What are (2)kinds of tonsils tha t can be found embeded in the oropharynx?

Back 116

(1)palatine tonsils (2)lingual tonsil

Front 117

NAME
this has the palatine tonsils and the lingual tonsils

Back 117

oropharynx

Front 118

What is the palatine tonsils?

Back 118

found in the oropharynx and lie in the lateral walls of the fauces

Front 119

NAME
these can be found in the oropharynx and lie in the lateral walls of the fauces

Back 119

palatein tonsils

Front 120

What are the fauces?

Back 120

is an archway tha the oropharynx is continous w

Front 121

NAME
this an archway that the oropharynx is continous w

Back 121

fauces

Front 122

What is the lingual tonsil?

Back 122

covers the base of the tongue

Front 123

NAME
this covers the base of the tongue

Back 123

lingual tonsil

Front 124

What is the larynopharynx?

Back 124

serves as the passageway for food and air and is lined w stratifed squamous epithlia

Front 125

NAME
this serves as the passageway for food and air and is lined w stratifed squamous epithilia

Back 125

larynopharynx

Front 126

What kind of tissue does the larynopharyx have?

Back 126

stratifed squamous epithlia

Front 127

What is larynx?

Back 127

is your voice box

Front 128

NAME
this is your voice box

Back 128

larynx

Front 129

The larynx superiorly attaches to the (1)

Back 129

hyoid bone and opens into the laryngopharynx

Front 130

What are the (3) functions of the larynx?

Back 130

(1)to provide a open airway (2)to act as a switching mechanism to route air and food into the proper channel (3)voice production

Front 131

NAME
its functions include to provide an open airway, to act as a switching mechanism to route air and food into the prope channel (3)voice production

Back 131

larynx

Front 132

What is the make up of the larynx like?

Back 132

it is nine cartilages connected by membranes and ligmants

Front 133

nAME
this is nine cartilges connected by membranes and ligmants

Back 133

larynx

Front 134

What kind of cartilage makes up the larynx?

Back 134

except for the epiglottis, all larngeal cartilages are hyaline cartilages

Front 135

NAME
this has all largenal cartilages are hyaline cartilages except the epiglottis

Back 135

larynx

Front 136

What is the adams apple?

Back 136

refers to the laryngeal prominence in the larynx

Front 137

NAME
this refers to the laryngeal prominence in the larynx

Back 137

adams apple

Front 138

What is the epiglottis?

Back 138

is composed of mostly elastic cartilage and is almost entierly covered by mucosa containg taste buds

Front 139

NAME
this is composed of mostly elastic cartilage and is almost entirley covered by mucosa containg taste buds

Back 139

epiglottis

Front 140

What kind of tissue does the epiglottis have?

Back 140

elastic cartlage

Front 141

What does the epiglottis do?

Back 141

helps to keep food out of the lower respiratory passages

Front 142

NAME
this helps to keep food out of the lower respiratory passages

Back 142

epiglottis

Front 143

NAME
this has been called the guardian of passageways

Back 143

epiglottis

Front 144

Why should liquids not be used when attempting to revive a person?

Back 144

bc the protecive reflex of the epiglottis does not work when we are unconsicus

Front 145

What are vocal cords?

Back 145

are pearly white and vibrate producing sounds as air rushes up from the lungs

Front 146

NAME
this are pearly white and vibrate producing sounds as air rushes up from the lungs

Back 146

vocal cords

Front 147

What are the vestibular folds?

Back 147

help to close the glottis when we swallow

Front 148

NAME
this help to close the glottis when we swallow

Back 148

vestibular folds

Front 149

The vestibular folds are also called the (1)

Back 149

false vocal cords

Front 150

(1) are also called the false vocal cords

Back 150

vestibular cords

Front 151

T or F
the vestibular cords play a part in sound production

Back 151

false

Front 152

Do the vestibular cords play a part in sound production?

Back 152

no

Front 153

What is the glottis/

Back 153

is the medial opening btwn the vocal cords through which air passes through

Front 154

NAME
is the medial opening btwn the vocal cords through which air passes through

Back 154

glottis

Front 155

NAME
this involves the intermitten release of expired air and the opening and closing of the glottis

Back 155

specch

Front 156

Speech involves the intermitten release of (1) and the (2)

Back 156

(1)expired air (2)the opening and closing of the glottis

Front 157

As the (1)and (2) of the vocal cords changes, the pitch of the sound varies

Back 157

(1)length (2)tension

Front 158

As the length and tension of the vocal cords changes, the (1)of the sound varies

Back 158

pitch

Front 159

Generally the (1)the faster they vibrate and the higher the pitch

Back 159

tenser the cords

Front 160

Generally, the tenser the cords, the faster they (1)

Back 160

vibrate and the higher the pitch

Front 161

What does the loudness of the voice depend on?

Back 161

the force at which the airstream rushes across the vocal cords

Front 162

T or F
the vocal cords move when we whispher

Back 162

false

Front 163

do the vocal cords move when we whispher?

Back 163

no

Front 164

When do the vocal cords vibrate vigorously?

Back 164

when yell

Front 165

What is laryngitis?

Back 165

is the inflammtion of the vocal cords

Front 166

NAME
is the inflammation of the vocal cords

Back 166

laryngitis

Front 167

What does laryngitis cause?

Back 167

caues the vocal folds to swell, interfering w thier vibration

Front 168

NAME
this causes the vocal folds to swell interfering w thier vibrations

Back 168

laryngitis

Front 169

T or F
unders some conditions the vocal folds act as a sphincter to prevent air passage

Back 169

true

Front 170

What is Valsalva's maneuver?

Back 170

is when the vocal folds act as a sphincter to prevent air passage

(2)for example, this can helps to empty the rectum and can also splint the body trunk when one lifst a heavy load

Front 171

NAME
is when the vocal folds act as a sphincter to prevent air passage
for example, this can helps to empty the rectum and can also splint the body trunk when one lifst a heavy load

Back 171

Valsalva's movement