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103 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Our conscious awareness of incoming sensory information
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sensation
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Define sensation
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our conscious awareness of incoming sensory information
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Only a stimulus that reaches the _____ of the brain results in our conscious awareness.
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cerebral cortex
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_____ change one form of energy into a different form
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transducers
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What do transducers do?
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change one form of energy into a different form
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Energy is always transduced into _____ energy
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electrical
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The specific area monitored by each sensory receptor is called its _____
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receptive field
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What is a receptive field?
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the specific area monitored by each sensory receptor
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What are the two types of receptors?
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Tonic and Phasic
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Which type of receptor respond continuously to stimuli at a constant rate?
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Tonic
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Give an example of a tonic receptor
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balance receptors within the ear
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what kind of receptor are the balance receptors within the ear?
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tonic
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_____ receptors detect a new stimulus or a change in a stimulus that has already been applied
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phasic
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What is an adaptation?
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a reduction in sensitivity to a continually applied stimulus
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What are the trhee criteria used to describe receptors?
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1 - receptor distribution
2 - stimulus origin 3 - modality of stimulus |
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_____ senses receptors are distributed throughout the body and are located in the skin and internal organs
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general senses receptors
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General senses receptors are generally simple/complex in structure
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simple
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What are the two subdivisions of general senses receptors?
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somatic sensory receptors
visceral sensory receptors |
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_____ sensory receptors are housed within the skin for monitoring tactile sensations and within joints, muscles, and tendons for detection of stretch and pressure relative to position and movement
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somatic
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Receptors of the _____ senses are located only within the head and are specialized, complex organs
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special
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where are special sense receptors located
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only in the head
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Distributed throughout the body; structurally simple (type of receptor)
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general senses
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What are the three classifications of stimulus origins?
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exteroceptros, interoceptors, and proprioceptors
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_____ detect stimuli from the external environment
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exteroceptors
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What kind of receptor is a cutaneous receptor?
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exteroceptor
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what kind of receptor are the special senses?
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exteroceptors
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What kind of receptors are found in mucous membranes such as the lining of the nasal cavity, oral cavity, vagina and anal canal?
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exteroceptors
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What is another name for interoceptors?
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visceroceptors
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What is another name for visceroceptors?
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interoceptors
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What kind of receptor detects stimuli in internal organs?
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interoceptors
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These receptors are primarily stretch receptors in the smooth muscle within the walls of the internal organs
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interoceptors
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_____ receptors report on temperature, pressure, chemical changes, and perceived pain in the visceral tissue
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interoceptors
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_____ are located in our muscles, tendons, and joints (type of receptor)
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proprioceptors
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receptors may be classified according to the stimulus they perceive (ie only to temperature changes)
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modality of stimulus
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What are the six groups of receptors, based on their modality of stimulus?
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1 - chemoreceptors
2 - thermoreceptors 3 - photoreceptors 4 - mechanoreceptors 5 - baroreceptors 6 - nociceptors (can time please my broken noggin) |
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_____ detect chemicals or specific molecules dissolved in fluid
(modality of stimulus) |
chemoreceptors
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_____ respond to changes in temperature
(modality of stimulus) |
thermoreceptors
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These receptors are present in both the skin and the hypothalamus
(modality of stimulus) |
thermoreceptors
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_____ are located in the eye, where they detect changes in light intensity, color and movement
(modality of stimulus) |
photoreceptors
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_____ detect changes in light intensity, color, and movement
(modality of stimulus) |
photoreceptors
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_____ respond to touch, pressure, vibration, and stretch
(modality of stimulus) |
mechanoreceptors
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_____ respond to painful stimuli
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niciceptors
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_____ receptors are the most numerous type of receptor
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tactile
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These are mechanoreceptors located in the dermis and the subcutaneous layer
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tactile receptors
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_____ are dendritic ends of sensory neurons with no protective coat
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unencapsulated tactile receptors
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Three types of unencapsulated receptors:
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free nerve endings
root hair plexuses tactile discs |
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what is unique about free nerve endings, root hair plexuses, tactile disks?
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unencapsulated receptors
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_____ are terminal branches of dendrites
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free nerve endings
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free nerve endings are _____
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terminal branches of dendrites
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These are the least compolex of the tactile receptors and reside closest to the surface of the skin
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free nerve endings
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_____ are specialized free nerve endings that form a weblike sheath around hair follicles in the reticular layer of the dermis
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root hair plexuses
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What is another name for a tactile disc?
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Merkel disc
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What is another name for a Merkel disc?
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tactile disc
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These receptors are located in the stratum basale of the epidermis
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tactile discs
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These receptors function as tonic receptors for fine touch and are important in distinguishing the texture and shape of an object
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tactile discs
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What are the four types of encapsulated tactile receptors?
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End bulbs
Lamellated corpuscles bulbous corpuscles tactile corpuscles (BELT) |
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What is another name for an end bulb?
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Kraus bulb
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What is another name for a Kraus bulb?
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end bulb
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What are the two things that could encapsulate tactile receptors?
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connective tissue or glial cells
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this encapsulated tactile receptor is located in the dermis, mucous membrane of oral cavity, nasal cavity, vagina, and anal cavity
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end bulb
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Where is an end bulb located?
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dermis, mucous membranes of oral cavity, nasal cavity, vagina, and anal cavity
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What is another name for lamellated corpuscles?
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Pacinian corpuscles
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what is another name for pacinian corpuscles?
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lamellated corpsucles
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These encapsulated tactile receptors are composed of several dendritic endings ensheathed with an inner core of neurolemmocytes and outer concentric layers of connective tissue
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lamellated corpuscles
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Where are lamellated corpuscles located?
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deep within the reticular layer of the dermis of the skin; in the subcutaneous tissue of the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, breasts, and external genitalia; in the synovial membranes of joints; and in the walls of some organs
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The structure of _____ corpuscles ensures that only deep-pressure and vibration stimuli will activate the receptor
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lamellated corpuscles
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What is another name for bulbous corpuscles
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Ruffini corpuscles
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What is another name for Ruffini corpuscles?
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bulbous corpuscles
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encapsulated with connective tissue and neurolemmocytes
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lamellated corpuscles
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these corpuscles detect both continuous deep pressure and distortion in the skin
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bulbous corpuscles
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These tactile receptors do not exhibit adaptation
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bulbous corpuscles
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What is another name for tactile corpuscles?
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Meissner corpuscles
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What is another name for Meissner corpuscles?
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tactile corpuscles
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These corpuscles are large, encapsulated oval receptors
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tactile corpuscles
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Where are tactile corpuscles?
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dermal papillae of the skin, lips, palms, eyelids, nipples, and genitals
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_____ occurs when sensory nerve signlas from certain viscera are perceived as originating not from the organ, but in dermatomes of the skin
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referred pain
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What is gustation?
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taste
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These structures prevent foreign objects from coming into contact with the eye
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accessory structures
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What are the accessory structures of the eye?
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eyebrows, eyelashes, eyelids, lacrimal glands
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Where are the eyebrows located?
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SUPRAORBITAL RIDGE
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What is the primary function of the eyebrows
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to prevent sweat from dripping into the eyes
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what is another name for eyelids?
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palpebrae
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What is another name for palpebrae?
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eyelids
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Each eyelid is formed by a _____, _____, _____, _____, _____ and _____
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tarsal plate, tarsal muscles, tarsal glands, the palpebral part of the orbicularis oculi muscle, the palpebral conjunctiva, and a thin covering of skin
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What is another name for tarsal glands?
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Meibomian glands
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What is another name for Meibomian glands?
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tarsal glands
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_____ are sebaceous glands that produce a secretion to prevent tear overflow from an open eye and keep the eyelids from adhering together
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tarsal glands
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What is a palpebral fissure?
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eyeslit
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The eyelids are united at the ____ and _____.
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medial and lateral palpebral commissures
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Where is the lacrimal caruncle located?
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medial commissure
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What is at the medial commissure?
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lacrimal caruncle
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What does the lacrimal caruncle house?
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ciliary glands
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What are ciliary glands?
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modified sweat glands
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What is the name of the modified sweat glands contained in the lacrimal caruncle?
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ciliary glands
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What kind of epithelium is conjunctiva?
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specialized stratified squamous epithelium
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What is the external, annterior conjunctiva?
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ocular conjunctiva
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what conjunctiva is the internal surface of the eyelid
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palpebral conjunctiva
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The space formed by the junction of the ocular conjunctiva and the palpebral conjunctiva is called the _____
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conjunctival fornix
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What is another name for conjunctivitis?
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pink eye
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what is another name for pink eye
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conjunctivitis
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What antibacterial enzyme is contained in the lacrimal apparatus?
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lysozyme
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What are the two parts of the lacrimal gland?
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Orbital part and palpebral part
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What are the three principle layers that form the wall of the eye?
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fibrous tunic (external layer)
vascular tunic (middle layer) retina (inner layer) |