A&p Chapter 13 & 14

Front 1

Central Nervous System

Back 1

The brain and spinal cord

Front 2

Peripheral Nervous System

Back 2

Nerves outside of the Central Nervous System, ie, outside of the brain and spinal cord

Front 3

Nerve

Back 3

A bundle of myelinated nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system that conduct sensory and/or motor impulses to and from the central nervous system and the periphery of the body.

Front 4

Neurons

Back 4

Cells of the nerves that are structurally composed of a cell body (perikaryon), dendrites, and an axon. They not only initiate nerve impulses but also conduct them.

Front 5

Neuroglia

Back 5

Cells in the nervous system that support and protect the neurons

Front 6

Soma

Back 6

The cell body of the neuron, perikaryon

Front 7

Dendrite

Back 7

The receptive site of the nerve cell; extends from the cell body, giving the cell a starlike shape; receives stimuli and conveys them as nerve impulses to the cell body

Front 8

Sensory Receptor

Back 8

A modified nerve ending that coneverts mechanical, thermal, chemical or electromagnetic stimuli into nerve impulses that travel to the central nervous system and are interpreted as the appropriate sensation

Front 9

Axon

Back 9

Extension of the neuron that conducts the nerve impulse away from the cell body to the terminal bouton (synaptic bulb) at the end of the neuron.

Front 10

Effector Cell

Back 10

A cell such as a muscle or gland cellthat carries out some action when stimulated by a nerve impulse

Front 11

Myelin

Back 11

Fatty substance that covers some axons. When fixed for microscopic examination, it appears white; hence myelinated neurons make up the "white matter" of the brain and spinal cord

Front 12

Myelin Sheath

Back 12

Cell membrane of glial cells wrapped around an axon; increases speed of impulse conductions along the axon.

Front 13

Oligodendrocytes

Back 13

Glial cells in the brain and spinal cord whose cellular membrane forms the myelin sheath for axons in the Central Nervous System.

Front 14

Schwann Cells

Back 14

Glial cells associated with the peripheral nerves whose cellular membrane forms the myelin sheath for axons in the Peripheral Nervous System

Front 15

Nodes of Ranvier

Back 15

Unmyelinated areas of the axon between two adjacent Schwann cells that are involved in rapid conduction of nerve impulses along the axon

Front 16

Afferent Nerve

Back 16

Nerve that carries impulses toward the Central Nervous System

Front 17

Sensory Nerve

Back 17

Nerves that carry afferent impulses from sensory receptors towards the Central Nervous System

Front 18

Motor Nerve

Back 18

Nerve that carries efferent impulses to muscles, although motor function may be used to describe any nerve that carries an efferent impulse, including those that supply endocrine glands amd tissues that are not muscle

Front 19

Somatic Nervous System

Back 19

Conscious or voluntary nervous system controlling skeletal muscles; somatic motor function is the efferent branch, and the somatic sensory function is the afferent branch

Front 20

Resting State

Back 20

In reference to neurons, more sodium ions are outside the cell membrane than inside, and more potassium ions are inside the cell; it is the state of the neuron before stimulation

Front 21

Autonomic Nervous System

Back 21

The part of the nervous system that controls smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and endocrine glands automatically without conscious control; has motor and sensory branches

Front 22

Sodium-Potassium Pump

Back 22

Active transport molecule that moves sodium molecules out of the neuron and potassium molecules into the neuron to maintain the resting state

Front 23

Resting Membrane Potential

Back 23

The electrical charge of some cells at rest caused by differing concentrations of ions inside and outside of the cell membrane