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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Atmospheric pressure |
appropriate amounts of atmospheric pressure are necessary for respiration processes - decrease levels as we increase elevation (low amounts of O2) -increase levels as we decrease elevation (high amounts of O2) |
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Homeostasis |
synonyms: balance, equilibrium, stability - the body's ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though external environment is constantly changing ex: maintaining normal body temp |
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Negative feedback loop |
control almost all body processes, the purpose is to reduce or completely turn off original stimulus in an effort to bring body back to normal conditions -constantly on and off- |
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Positive feedback loop |
- more rare - enhances original stimulus and only controls three processes in the body (only one if you're male) 1) blood clotting 2) contractions during labor 3) breastfeeding |
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3 interdependent components of all feedback mechanisms |
1) receptor 2) control center 3) effector |
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Receptor |
monitors any changes/stimuli in the environment and sends info to the control center |
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Control center |
control center determines the 'set point' and also makes the decision based on info from the receptor. -the decision is then sent to the effector |
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Effector |
does the work of the system/gets the job done and carries out changes that need to be made to maintain homeostasis |
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Set point |
the range at which the variable is to be maintained |
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Homeostatic Imbalance |
when disease processes occur in the body and feedback mechanisms are unable to maintain homeostasis - feedback mechanisms and less and less effective as we get older, means more disease as we age |
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Covering and lining membranes of the body |
- cutaneous - mucous - serous |
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Cutaneous membrane |
- skin -consists of two major layers: epidermis (surface) and dermis (underneath) -dry/exposed to air |
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Mucous membrane |
- mucosa - lines the body cavities that are open to the exterior (entire lining of digestive tract, mouth to anus) -wet and bathed by secretions -adapted for absorption or secretion of substances - consists of epithelial tissue with connective underneath |
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Serous membrane |
- serosa - lines body cavities that are closed to the exterior (thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity) *double layered membrane: parietal and visceral |
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Parietal layer |
lines the inside of the cavity |
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Visceral layer |
- lines outside of the organs in the cavity |
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Serous fluid |
between the parietal and visceral layers is a serous cavity containing serous fluid for lubrication and reduced friction |
