A&p Chapter 1 - Ls/ep

Front 1

Abdominopelvic cavity

Back 1

division of the anterior (ventral) cavity that houses the abdominal and pelvic viscera

Front 2

anabolism

Back 2

assembly of more complex molecules from simpler ones

Front 3

anatomical position

Back 3

standard reference position used for describing locations and directions in the body

Front 4

anatomy

Back 4

the scientific study of the form and composition of the body's structures

Front 5

anterior cavity

Back 5

larger body cavity located anterior to the posterior (dorsal) body cavity; includes the serous membrane-lined pleural cavities of the lungs, pericardial cavity for the heart, and peritoneal cavity for the abdominal and pelvic organs; also referred to as the ventral cavity.

Front 6

anterior

Back 6

describes the front or direction toward the front of the body; also referred to as ventral

Front 7

catabolism

Back 7

breaking down of more complex molecules into simpler ones

Front 8

caudal

Back 8

describes a position below or lower than another part of the body; near or toward the tail (in humans, the coccyx, or lowest part of the spinal column); also referred to as inferior.

Front 9

cell

Back 9

smallest independently functioning unit of all organisms; in animals, a cell contains cytoplasm, composed of fluid and organelles.

Front 10

computed tomography (CT)

Back 10

medical imaging technique in which a computer-enhanced cross-sectional X-ray image is obtained

Front 11

control center

Back 11

compares values to their normal range; deviations cause the activation of an effector

Front 12

cranial cavity

Back 12

division of the posterior (dorsal) cavity that houses the brain

Front 13

cranial

Back 13

decsribes a position above or higher than another part of the body; also referred to as superior.

Front 14

deep

Back 14

describes a position farther from the surface of the body

Front 15

development

Back 15

changes and organism goes through in its life

Front 16

differentiation

Back 16

process by which unspecialized cells become specialized in structure and function

Front 17

distal

Back 17

describes a position farther from the point of attachment or the trunk of the body

Front 18

dorsal cavity

Back 18

posterior body cavity that houses the brain and spinal cord; also referred to as posterior

Front 19

effector

Back 19

organ that can cause a change in a value

Front 20

frontal plane

Back 20

two-dimensional, vertical plane that divides the body or organ into anterior and posterior portions

Front 21

gross anatomy

Back 21

study of the larger structures of the body, typically with the unaided eye; also referred to as macroscopic anatomy

Front 22

growth

Back 22

process of increasing in size

Front 23

homeostasis

Back 23

steady state of body systems that living organisms maintain

Front 24

inferior

Back 24

describes a position below or lower than another part of the body; near or toward the tail (in humans, the coccyx, or lowest part of the spinal column); also referred to as caudal.

Front 25

lateral

Back 25

describes the side or direction toward the side of the body

Front 26

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Back 26

medical imaging technique in which a device generates a magnetic field to obtain detailed sectional images of the internal structures of the body

Front 27

medial

Back 27

describes the middle or directions toward the middle of the body

Front 28

metabolism

Back 28

sum of all of the body's chemical reactions

Front 29

microscopic anatomy

Back 29

study of very small structures of the body using magnification

Front 30

negative feedback

Back 30

homeostatic mechanism that tends to stabilize an upset in the body's physiological condition by preventing an excessive response to a stimulus, typically as the stimulus is removed

Front 31

normal range

Back 31

range of values around the set point that do not cause a reaction by the control center

Front 32

nutrient

Back 32

chemical obtained from foods and beverages that is critical to human survival

Front 33

organ system

Back 33

group of organs that work together to carry out a particular function

Front 34

organism

Back 34

living being that has a cellular structure and that can independently perform all physiologic functions necessary for life

Front 35

organ

Back 35

functionally distinct structure composed of two or more types of tissues

Front 36

pericardium

Back 36

sac that encloses the heart (serous membrane)

Front 37

peritoneum

Back 37

serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and covers the organs found there

Front 38

physiology

Back 38

the scientific study of the chemistry and physics of the body's functions

Front 39

plane

Back 39

imaginary two-dimensional surface that passes through the body

Front 40

pleura

Back 40

serous membrane that lines the pleural cavity and covers the lungs

Front 41

positive feedback

Back 41

mechanism that intensifies a change in the body's physiological condition in response to a stimulous

Front 42

positron emission tomography (PET)

Back 42

medical imaging technique in which radiopharmaceuticals are traced to reveal metabolic and physiological functions in tissues

Front 43

posterior cavity

Back 43

posterior body cavity that houses the brain and spinal cord; also referred to as dorsal cavity

Front 44

posterior

Back 44

describes the back or direction toward the back of the body; also referred to as dorsal

Front 45

pressure

Back 45

force exerted by a substance in contact with another substance

Front 46

prone

Back 46

face down

Front 47

proximal

Back 47

describes a position nearer to the point of attachment or the trunk of the body

Front 48

regional anatomy

Back 48

study of the structures that contribute to specific body regions

Front 49

renewal

Back 49

process by which worn-out cells are replaced

Front 50

reproduction

Back 50

process by which new organisms are generated

Front 51

responsiveness

Back 51

ability of an organism or a system to adjust to changes in conditions

Front 52

sagittal plane

Back 52

two-dimensional, vertical plane that divides the body or organ into right and left sides

Front 53

section

Back 53

in anatomy, a single flat surface of three-dimensional structure that has been cut through

Front 54

sensor

Back 54

(also receptor) reports a monitored physiological value to the control center

Front 55

serosa

Back 55

membrane that covers organs and reduces friction; also referred to as serous membrane

Front 56

serous membrane

Back 56

membrane that covers organs and reduces friction; also referred to as serosa

Front 57

set point

Back 57

ideal value for a physiological parameter; the level or small range within which a physiological parameter such as blood pressure is stable and optimally healthful, that is, within it's parameters of homeostasis

Front 58

spinal cavity

Back 58

division of the dorsal cavity that houses the spinal cord; also referred to as vertebral cavity

Front 59

superficial

Back 59

describes a position nearer to the surface of the body

Front 60

superior

Back 60

describes a position above or higher than another part of the body; also referred to as cranial

Front 61

supine

Back 61

face up

Front 62

systemic anatomy

Back 62

study of the structures that contribute to specific body systems

Front 63

thoracic cavity

Back 63

division of the anterior (ventral) cavity that houses the heart, lungs, esophagus, and trachea

Front 64

tissue

Back 64

group of similar or closely related cells that act together to perform a specific function

Front 65

transverse plane

Back 65

two-dimensional, horizontal plane that divides the body or organ into superior and inferior portions

Front 66

ultrasonography

Back 66

application of ultrasonic waves to visualize subcutaneous body structures such as tendons and organs

Front 67

ventral cavity

Back 67

larger body cavity located anterior to the posterior (dorsal) cavity; includes the serous membrane-lined pleural cavities for the lungs, pericardial cavity for the heart, and peritoneal cavity for the abdominal and pelvic organs; also referred to as anterior body cavity

Front 68

ventral

Back 68

describes the front or direction toward the front of the body; also referred to as anterior

Front 69

x-ray

Back 69

form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation with a short wavelength capable of penetrating solids and ionizing gases; used in medicine as a diagnostic aid to visualize body structures such as bones.

Front 70

Integumentary system

Back 70

Front 71

Skeletal system

Back 71

Front 72

Muscular system

Back 72

Front 73

Nervous system

Back 73

Front 74

Endocrine system

Back 74

Front 75

Cardiovascular system

Back 75

Front 76

Lymphatic system

Back 76

Front 77

Respiratory system

Back 77

Front 78

Digestive system

Back 78

Front 79

Urinary system

Back 79

Front 80

Male reproductive system

Back 80

Front 81

Female reproductive system

Back 81