A&p Chap 6 Muscle

Front 1

the interval during which a second action potential absolutely cannot be initiated, no matter how large a stimulus is applied.

Back 1

ABSOLUTE REFRACTORY PERIOD

Front 2

Neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction when activated by the motor neuron, initiates electrical impulse in the muscle fiber membrane.

Back 2

ACETYLCHOLINE

Front 3

Makes up the thin filaments of myosin; important part of muscle contraction

Back 3

ACTIN

Front 4

An electrical impulse that sweeps across the surface of a muscle fiber & causes excitation for a muscle to contract.

Back 4

ACTION POTENTIAL

Front 5

Muscles that are responsible for a particular movement.

Back 5

AGONISTS

Front 6

Idea that skeletal muscle fiber either contracts maximally or not at all.

Back 6

ALL-OR-NOTHING PRINCIPLE

Front 7

Proteins that attach thin filaments to Z disc & determines their spacing in sarcomeres.

Back 7

ALPHA ACTININ

Front 8

Sheet-like membranes that separate muscles from each other.

Back 8

APONEUROSIS

Front 9

Proteins that form Z disc.

Back 9

CapZ

Front 10

Proteins - Actin & Myosin, that generate muscle contraction.

Back 10

CONTRACTILE PROTEINS

Front 11

Attachments made by myosin heads to actin binding sites.

Back 11

CROSSBRIDGES

Front 12

Structures found in Smooth muscle, equivalent of the Z disc in striated muscle.

Back 12

DENSE BODIES

Front 13

Long term immobilization of a muscle produces a dramatic loss of muscle mass.

Back 13

DISUSE ATROPHY

Front 14

Layer of connective tissue that covers an individual skeletal muscle fiber.

Back 14

ENDOMYSIUM

Front 15

Layer of connective tissue that covers the entire fascicle.

Back 15

EPIMYSIUM

Front 16

Process by which an action potential invades the T tubules & is followed by a release of stored Ca++ from the SR.

Back 16

EXCITATION-CONTRACTION COUPLING

Front 17

Bundles of muscle fibers.

Back 17

FASCICLES

Front 18

Type of muscle fiber unable to sustain contractions for long periods of time. 2 Types: pink fibers and white fibers

Back 18

FAST TWITCH (TYPE II)

Front 19

Type of lever in which the fulcrum is between the effort and load. Ex: pry bar or shovel.

Back 19

FIRST CLASS LEVER

Front 20

Principle that says the force delivered by a muscle may increase in proportion to the intensity of the stimulus delivered to its motor nerve.

Back 20

GRADED STRENGTH PRINCIPLE

Front 21

Increase in the number of cells.

Back 21

HYPERPLASIA

Front 22

Increase in the size of cells caused by exercise.

Back 22

HYPERTROPHY

Front 23

Structures in cardiac muscle containing gap junctions, enables an excited cardiac muscle cell can rapidly spread the excitation to its neighbors.

Back 23

INTERCALATED DISCS

Front 24

Type of contraction in which the muscle is not allowed to shorten, although tension does develop in the muscle.

Back 24

ISOMETRIC CONTRACTION

Front 25

Type of contraction where the muscle is allowed to shorten and actually lift a load.

Back 25

ISOTONIC CONTRACTION

Front 26

Duration during which the muscle's electrical signal is translated into a chemical signal within the cells.

Back 26

LATENT PERIOD