A&p Ch.9

Front 1

Arachnoid matter

Back 1

Weblike connective tissue that attach to the pia mater. The space under the arachnoid mater (subarachnoid space) contain cerebrospinal fluid.

Front 2

Astrocytes

Back 2

Star shaped cell that provides structural support for neurons, connects them to capillaries, and form the blood-brain barrier.

Front 3

Axon

Back 3

Part of the neuron that is single, elongated branch at the opposite end of yhe dendrites. It recieves an electrical impulse and releases neurotransmitters into the synapse. Axons are covered by an insulating layer of myelin.

Front 4

Cerebrospinal fluid

Back 4

The fluid cushion that protects the brain and spinal cord from shock.

Front 5

Chemical synapse

Back 5

Site of communication between neurons and other excitable cells. Neurotransmitters are released from the neuron (presynaptic cell), which travel to a muscle or gland cell (the poststnaptic cell), allowing communication between the two cells.

Front 6

Commissures

Back 6

Transverse band of nerve fibers; carrying information from one side of the nervous system to the other.

Front 7

Corticobulbar tract

Back 7

Spinal cord tract that carries impulses to the brain stem from the motor cortex. Carries orders for voluntary movements.

Front 8

Corticospinal tract

Back 8

Pertains to the tract between the cerebral cortex and spinal cord. Carries orders for voluntary movements.

Front 9

Dendrites

Back 9

Multiple branches at the end of a neuron that carry information to the cell body.

Front 10

Dorsal root ganglion

Back 10

A collection of sensory neurons on the dorsal roots of the spinal cord

Front 11

Dura matter

Back 11

Tough, outermost layer of the meninges. It secretes cholecystokinin, a hormone that stimulates the gallbladder and pancreas to release bile and digestive enzymes.

Front 12

Ependymal cells

Back 12

Specialized cellsj that line the walls of the ventricles and spinal canal and produce cerebrospinal fluid.

Front 13

Epidural space

Back 13

Area between the dura mater and the vertebral body

Front 14

Gangalia

Back 14

Masses of nervous tissue composed of mostly nerve cell bodies located outside the brain and spinal cord.

Front 15

Glial cells

Back 15

Cells that include astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells, microglia cells, schwann cells, and satellilte cells.

Front 16

Gyri

Back 16

Convolutions of the cerebral hemispheres of the brain

Front 17

Meninges

Back 17

Three seperate membranes that envelop and protect the entire brain and spinal cord. The meninges include the dura matter, arachnoid, and pia matter.

Front 18

Microglia

Back 18

Cells that move, engulf, and destroy pathogens anywhere in the cns.

Front 19

Myelin

Back 19

Fatty shealth around the axon of a neuron. It acts as an insulator to keep the electrical impulse tract. Myelin around the axons of the brain and spinal cord is produced by oligodendrocytes. Myelin around axons of the cranial and spinal nerves is produced by Schwann cells. An axon with myelin is said to be myelinated.

Front 20

Neuroglia (glial cells)

Back 20

Cells that hold neurons in place and perform specialized task. Includes astrocytes, ependymal cells, microglia, oligodendrocytes, satellite cells, and Schwann cells.

Front 21

Nodes of ranvier

Back 21

Constriction of the myelin sheath on a myelinated fiber that facilitates nodal transmission of the impulse.

Front 22

Oligodendeocytes

Back 22

Neuroglial cells that produce myelin in the CNS.

Front 23

Pia mater

Back 23

Thin, delicate innermost layer of the meninges that cover the surface of the brain and spinal cord. It contains many small blood vessels.

Front 24

Plexus

Back 24

A network of nerves or vessles

Front 25

Schwann cells

Back 25

Cells that forms the myelin sheaths around axons of the cranial and spinal nerves.

Front 26

Somatic nervous system

Back 26

Division of the peripheral nervous system that uses the neurotransmitter acertylcholine and carries nerve impulses to the voluntary skeletal muscles.

Front 27

Spinocerebellar tract

Back 27

Sensory pathway from the spinal cord to the cerebellum.

Front 28

Spinoyhalamic tract

Back 28

Sensory pathways from the spinal cord to the thalamud and eventually the primary somatic sensory cortex. Contains pain and crude touch information.

Front 29

Spinothalamic tract

Back 29

Sensory pathway from the spinal cord to the cerebellum

Front 30

Subarachnoid space

Back 30

Space beneath the arachnoid layer of meninges. It is filled with cerebrospinal fluid.

Front 31

Subdural space

Back 31

The space between the arachnoid and dura matter.

Front 32

Sulcus

Back 32

One of many shallow grooved between the gyri in the cerebrum and cerebellum. Plural: Sulci

Front 33

Vesicles

Back 33

A small bladder or blister; a membrane-bound storage sac inside a cell.