A&p Ch4 Part 3

Front 1

Most abundant and widely distributed of

primary tissues

Back 1

connective tissue

Front 2

Four main classes of connective tissue

Back 2

– Connective tissue proper

– Cartilage

– Bone

– Blood

Front 3

Major Functions of Connective Tissue

Back 3

• Binding and support

• Protecting

• Insulating

• Storing reserve fuel

• Transporting substances (blood)

Front 4

Three characteristics make connective tissues

different from other primary tissues

Back 4

– Have mesenchyme (an embryonic tissue) as

their common tissue of origin

– Varying degrees of vascularity (blood vessels)

– Have extracellular matrix (ECM)

• Connective tissue not composed mainly of

cells

• Largely nonliving ecm separates cells

–So can bear weight, withstand tension,

endure abuse

Front 5

3 Structural Elements of Connective Tissue

Back 5

–Ground substance: unstructured

material that fills space between cells

–Fibers: 3 types that provide support

–Cells: several cells

Front 6

Three types of fibers provide support

Back 6

– Collagen

– Elastic fibers

– Reticular

Front 7

properties of collagen

Back 7

Strongest and most abundant type

• Tough; provides high tensile strength

Front 8

properties of elastic fibers

Back 8

Networks of long, thin, elastin fibers that allow for stretch and recoil

Front 9

properties of reticular fibers

Back 9

- Short, fine, highly branched collagenous fibers (different chemistry and form than collagen fibers)

• Branch, forming networks that offer more "give"

Front 10

"Blasts" cells

Back 10

– Immature form; mitotically active; secrete

ground substance and fibers

– Fibroblasts

– Chondroblasts

– Osteoblasts

– Hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow

Front 11

Where are fibroblasts found?

Back 11

in connective tissue proper

Front 12

Where are chondroblasts found?

Back 12

in cartilage

Front 13

Where are osteoblasts found?

Back 13

in bone

Front 14

"Cyte" cells

Back 14

– Mature form; maintain matrix

– Chondrocytes in cartilage

– Osteocytes in bone

Front 15

FX of Adipose (AKA Fat) cells

Back 15

– Store nutrients

Front 16

Composition and function of

white blood cells

Back 16

– Neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes

– Tissue response to injury

Front 17

Mast cells

Back 17

(produce histamine = leaky capillaries)

– Initiate local inflammatory response against

foreign microorganisms they detect

Front 18

Macrophages

Back 18

– Phagocytic cells that "eat" dead cells,

microorganisms; function in immune system

Front 19

Connective Tissue Proper

Back 19

• All connective tissues except bone, cartilage and

blood

Front 20

two main subclasses of Connective Tissue Proper

Back 20

- Loose connective tissues

– Dense connective tissues (AKA fibrous)

Front 21

Types of Loose connective tissues

Back 21

• Areolar

• Adipose

• Reticular

Front 22

Types of Dense connective tissues (AKA fibrous)

Back 22

• Dense regular

• Dense irregular

• Elastic

Front 23

areolar function

Back 23

Wraps and cushions organs;

its macrophages phagocytize bacteria;

plays important role in inflammation;

holds and conveys tissue fluid

Front 24

areolar location

Back 24

Widely distributed under epithelia of body, e.g., forms lamina propria of mucous

membranes;

packages organs;

surrounds capillaries.

Front 25

adipose function

Back 25

Provides reserve food fuel;

insulates against heat loss;

supports and protects organs.

Front 26

adipose location

Back 26

Under skin in subcutaneous tissue;

around kidneys and eyeballs;

within abdomen;

in breasts

Front 27

reticular function

Back 27

Attaches muscles to bones or to muscles; attaches bones to bones;

withstands great tensile stress when pulling force is applied in one direction

Front 28

reticular location

Back 28

Tendons,

most ligaments,

aponeuroses

Front 29

dense irregular function

Back 29

Withstands tension exerted in many directions;

provides structural strength

Front 30

dense irregular location

Back 30

Fibrous capsules of organs and of joints; dermis of the skin;

submucosa of digestive tract

Front 31

elastic function

dense connective tissue

Back 31

Allows tissue to recoil after stretching; maintains pulsatile flow of blood through arteries;

aids passive recoil of lungs following

inspiration.

Front 32

elastic location

dense connective tissue

Back 32

Walls of large arteries;

within certain ligaments associated

with the vertebral column;

within the walls of the bronchial tubes