A&p Ch15: Urinary Key Terms

Front 1

TUBULAR ACIDIFICATION

Back 1

excreting metabolic/fixed acids

Front 2

PLASMA BICARBONATE BUFFER SYSTEM

Back 2

- important buffer system in the acid-base homeostasis
- In this system, CO2 combines with water to form carbonic acid (H2CO3), which in turn rapidly dissociates to form hydrogen ion and bicarbonate (HCO3- )

Front 3

GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE

Back 3

rate of final urine flow in the kidneys

Front 4

VASA RECTA

Back 4

- Arteries that form a series of hair pin-like capillaries in medulla
- Carries blood @ very slow rate

Front 5

HYDROSTATIC FORCE

Back 5

In capillary filtration, force equal to glomerular BP minus opposing hydrostatic pressure of fluid in bowman’s capsule (40mm Hg)

Front 6

PROTEIN ONCOTIC FORCE

Back 6

In capillary filtration, the force d/t left-behind proteins oppose filtration (30mm Hg)

Front 7

FILTERED FRACTION

Back 7

Because of leaky capillaries, 1/5th entered plasma filtered into bowman’s capsule

Front 8

FENESTRATIONS

Back 8

Enlarged pores in endothelial cells to allow rapid exchange between blood vessels and tissue

Front 9

BARORECEPTOR REFLEX

Back 9

- Specialized cells in the body that quickly respond to changes in BP
- Activated by autonomic nervous sys
- increase catecholamines (epinephrine, norephinephrine) to quickly restore BP

Front 10

ATRIAL NATRIURETIC FACTOR (ANF)

Back 10

- peptide hormone released by heart
- Hormone that ↑ leakiness of glomerular capillaries

Front 11

OBLIGATORY WATER REABSORPTION

Back 11

% of filtered H2O attached to reabsorption

Front 12

COUNTERCURRENT MULTIPLIER

Back 12

Loop of Henle, DCT, collecting duct, vasa recta

Front 13

TRANSMEMBRANE NA GRADIENT

Back 13

- gradient-mediated secondary active transport
- active transport of Na out of interstitial fluid

Front 14

COUNTERCURRENT EXCHANGER

Back 14

- vasa recta prev blood flow 4m washing away solute in medulla
- prevent washout of the concentration gradients established in the renal medulla

Front 15

FACULTATIVE WATER REABSORPTION

Back 15

water drawn into medullary papillae making final concentrated urine move into interstitial fluid

Front 16

CENTRAL OSMORECEPTORS

Back 16

receptors in hypothalamus of the brain and these then switch off the release of ADH

Front 17

FILTERED LOAD

Back 17

Amount being filtered by the kidney

Front 18

RENAL HANDLING

Back 18

substance-specific sequence of tubular processes

Front 19

RENAL CLEARANCE

Back 19

Measurement of the renal excretion ability.

Front 20

CREATININE

Back 20

amino acid that is filtered out of the blood by the kidneys (glomerular filtration and proximal tubular secretion).

Front 21

INSULIN

Back 21

hormone, produced by the pancreas

Front 22

RENAL PLASMA FLOW (RPF)

Back 22

volume of blood delivered to the kidneys per unit time.

Front 23

RENAL BLOOD FLOW (RBF)

Back 23

volume of plasma that reaches the kidneys per unit time

Front 24

PARATHRYOID HORMONE (PTH)

Back 24

- It enhances active reabsorption of calcium and magnesium from distal tubules and the thick ascending limb.
- It also decreases the reabsorption of phosphate, with a net loss in plasma phosphate concentration

Front 25

PROTEIN CATABOLISM

Back 25

breakdown of proteins into amino acids and simple derivative compounds, for transport into the cell through the plasma membrane

Front 26

PH TRAPPING

Back 26

process of H gradient across tubular wall helps excretion of ammonium

Front 27

TRANSAMINATED

Back 27

Converting to glutamate (one amino group) and then to glutamine (two amino groups)

Front 28

GLUTAMATE

Back 28

one amino group

Front 29

GLUTAMINE

Back 29

two amino groups

Front 30

OSMOTIC DIURETICS

Back 30

- work by expanding extracellular fluid and plasma volume, therefore increasing blood flow to the kidney.
- This washes out the cortical medullary gradient in the kidney.

Front 31

TRANSPORT DIURETICS

Back 31

Loop diuretics that prev NaCl reabsorp in ascen limb

Front 32

CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS

Back 32

inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase that interfere w/tubular acidification & HCO3 recovery in proximal nephron

Front 33

NA CHANNEL BLOCKERS

Back 33

that interfere w/Na entry into distal tubule cells, blocking Na recovery

Front 34

ALDOSTERONE ANTAGONISTS

Back 34

Inhibit aldosterone action on tubular receptor

Front 35

MICTURATION

Back 35

ejection of urine from the urinary bladder through the urethra to the outside of the body under voluntary control

Front 36

DETRUSOR

Back 36

- contracts when urinating to squeeze out urine.
- remains relaxed to allow the bladder to fill.

Front 37

INTERNAL URINAL SPHINCTER

Back 37

- constricts the internal urethral orifice.
- under involuntary control.

Front 38

EXTERNAL URINAL SPHINCTER

Back 38

- secondary sphincter to control the flow of urine through the urethra.
- under voluntary control of the somatic nervous system.

Front 39

PUDENDAL NERVES

Back 39

sensory and somatic nerve that innervates the sphincters for the bladder

Front 40

INTRACELLULAR COMPARTMENT FLUID (ICF)

Back 40

Intracellular fluid is found inside the bilayered plasma membrane

Front 41

EXTRACELLULAR COMPARTMENT FLUID (ECF)

Back 41

the space filled with interstitial fluid, plasma, & transcellular fluid

Front 42

INTERSTITIAL FLUID (ISF)

Back 42

solution that bathes and surrounds the cells

Front 43

TOTAL OSMOLARITY

Back 43

measure of solute concentration of the whole body

Front 44

INSENSIBLE WATER LOSS

Back 44

evaporative loss of H2O thru lungs

Front 45

DEHYDRATION

Back 45

Excess fluid loss

Front 46

NATRIURESIS

Back 46

↓ sodium in plasma

Front 47

HYPERNATREMIA

Back 47

↑ sodium in plasma

Front 48

HYPERVOLEMIA

Back 48

↑ fluid (salt & H2O) build up

Front 49

METABOLIC ACIDOSIS

Back 49

condition that occurs when the body produces too much acid or when the kidneys are not removing enough acid from the body.

Front 50

RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS

Back 50

condition in which hypoventilation causes increased blood carbon dioxide concentration and decreased pH (acidosis).

Front 51

RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS

Back 51

condition in which hyperventilation elevates the blood pH (alkalosis).