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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 types of muscle tissue |
1. skeletal 2. cardiac 3. smooth |
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skeletal muscle tissue |
cylindrical, striated, multiple nuclei voluntary attached to bone |
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cardiac muscle tissue |
branched, striated, single nuclei involuntary intercalated discs |
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smooth muscle tissue |
spindle shape, not striated, single nuclei involuntary found in organ walls |
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connective tissue sheaths of skeletal muscles |
support cells, reinforce muscle 3 types: 1. epimysium 2. perimysium 3. endomysium |
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epimysium |
dense irregular connective tissue surrounding entire muscle |
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perimysium |
fibrous connective tissue surrounding fascicles |
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endomysium |
fine areolar connective tissue surrounding each muscle fiber |
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direct |
epimysium fused to periosteum of pone or perichondrium of cartilage |
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indirect |
connective tissue wrappings extend beyond muscle as rope-like tendon or sheetlike aponeurosis |
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sarcoplasmic reticulum |
network of smooth E.R. surrounding each myofibril |
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neuromuscular junction |
region where a motor neuron comes into close proximity with a skeletal muscle cell looks like a truffle tree |
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axon terminal |
branch of axon conducts electrical impulses |
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synaptic cleft |
separate axon terminal and muscle fiber gel-filled space |
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acetylcholine |
ACh is released into synaptic cleft diffuses across cleft and binds with receptors on sarcolemma causes change in electrical charge |
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acetylcholinesterase |
enzyme breaks down ACh to acetic acid and choline prevents continued muscle fiber contraction in absence of more stimulation |
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"all or none" |
muscle fiber contraction |
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graded muscle responses |
relatively smooth contractions varying in strength as different demands are placed on them |
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2 ways muscle contractions can be graded |
1. changing frequency of stimulation 2. changing strength of stimulation |
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isotonic contractions |
muscle length changes muscle tension stays the same |
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isometric contractions |
muscle length remains the same
muscle tension increases |
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muscle tone |
thick fibers low levels of contractile activity in relaxed muscle keeps muscles firm, healthy stabilizes joints maintains posture |
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flaccid |
lacks tone thin fibers |
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aerobic respiration |
glucose + O2 => H2O + CO2 + 32-35 ATP |
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anaerobic respiration |
glucose = pyruvic acid => lactic acid + ATP |
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rectus |
long and straight |
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oblique |
at an angle |
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transverse |
runs horizontally |
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orbicularis |
circular muscle |
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trapezius |
like a trapezoid |
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deltoid |
triangular |
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flexor |
cause something to flex |
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extensor |
cause something to straighten |
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maximus |
larger |
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medius |
medium size |
