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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ligament |
connective tissue that connects two bones |
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tendon |
connective tissue that connects a muscle to a bone |
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Classes of joints |
structural and functional |
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Structural joints |
fibrous cartilaginous Synovial |
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Fibrous Joints |
Bones are joined by dense fibrous CT No joint cavity No movement or slightly movable Three types (Suture, Gomphosis, Syndesmosis) (short collagen fibers, medium, long) |
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Cartilaginous Joints (amphairthroses) |
Articular bones connected by cartilage Lack a joint cavity Not movable or slightly movable two types(synchondroses: hyaline cartilage, Symphyses: fibrocartilage) |
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Synovial Joints (diarthroses) |
Articulating ends Covered with hyaline cartilage and surrounded by a joint cavity containing synovial fluid. Freely Movable Most common type of joint in the body |
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Parts of Synovial Joints |
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Bursa |
Flattened sac containing synovial fluid around a tendon |
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Tendon Sheath |
elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon |
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Menisci (meniscus) |
Pads of fibrocartilage that act as shock absorbers in a joint |
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High Mechanical Advantage Levers |
Effort arm is longer than the resistance arm Lever moves a big load but the load moves a shorter distance than the effort arm does |
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Low Mechanical Advantage levers |
resistance arm is longer than the effort arm the load moves farther than the effort arm |
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Joint stability and range of motion are determined by... |
Shape of articular surfaces
Ligaments Muscle tendons |
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Synovial Joint types |
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Common Joint Movements |
Flexion and Extension |
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Flexion |
Bending that decreases the angle of the joint |
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Extension |
Returning joint to anatomical position |
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Abduction |
Away from the midline |
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Adduction |
Toward the midline |
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Temporomandibular Joint |
Joint between skull and mandible |
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Glenohumeral Joint |
Shoulder Joint (muscle tendons fused to the joint capsule form the rotator cuff) (Glenoid Labrum: ring of fibrocartilage) |
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Humeroulnar Joint & Humeroradial Joint |
The elbow |
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Coxal Joint |
Hip Joint ( Acetabular labrum: cartilage lip that deepens the socket) |
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Tibiofemoral Joint |
Knee (fibular and tibial collateral ligaments, Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments) |
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Lateral Blows to the Knee often damage... |
The three C's: Collateral ligaments, cruciate ligaments, and cartilages |
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Talocrural Joint |
Ankle |
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Tendonitis |
inflamed tendon |
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Sprain |
torn ligament or tendon
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Bursitis |
Inflammation of a bursa |
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Osteoarthritis |
cartilage degenerates as we age |
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Chronic Arthritis |
painful, stiff, inflamed joints Caused by general "wear and tear" of the hyaline cartilage |
