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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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benign |
(not cancerous) |
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metastasize |
(spread) |
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Risk factors for skin cance |
– Overexposure to UV radiation – Frequent irritation of skin |
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Skin Cancer • Three major types: |
– Basal cell carcinoma • Least malignant, most common – Squamous cell carcinoma • Second most common – Melanoma • Most dangerous |
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Basal Cell Carcinoma |
• Least malignant; most common • Stratum basale cells proliferate and slowly invade dermis and hypodermis • Cured by surgical excision in 99% of cases |
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Squamous Cell Carcinoma |
• Second most common type • Involves keratinocytes of stratum spinosum • Usually scaly reddened papule on scalp, ears, lower lip, and hands • Does metastasize • Good prognosis if treated by radiation therapy or removed surgically |
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Melanoma |
• Cancer of melanocytes • Most dangerous –Highly metastatic and resistant to chemotherapy • Treated by wide surgical excision accompanied by immunotherapy • Key to survival is early detection |
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ABCD rule |
– A: asymmetry; the two sides of the pigmented area do not match – B: border irregularity; exhibits indentations – C: color; contains several (black, brown, tan, sometimes red or blue) – D: diameter; larger than 6 mm (size of pencil eraser) |
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Burns |
• Tissue damage caused by heat, electricity, radiation, certain chemicals – Denatures proteins – Kills cells |
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Immediate threat of burns |
– Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance • Leads to renal shutdown and circulatory shock |
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system To evaluate burns |
– Rule of nines – Used to estimate volume of fluid loss |
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burnt portion that is approx. 9% |
Anterior and posterior head and neck, 9% |
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burnt portion that is approx. 18% |
Anterior and posterior upper limbs, plus head and neck each arm is ~4.5% so 4.5+4.5+9=18 |
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burnt portion that is approx. 36% |
Anterior and posterior trunk, plus arms,plus head and neck 36% trunk is 18% on its own |
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Anterior and posterior lower limbs, % burnt |
9% each so 18% plus 18 from trunk =36% |
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perineum |
1% |
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Partial-thickness burns |
–First degree
–Second degree • Epidermal and upper dermal damage –Blisters appear |
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First degree |
• Epidermal damage only –Localized redness, edema (swelling), and pain |
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Second degree |
• Epidermal and upper dermal damage –Blisters appear |
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Full-thickness burns
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–Third degree • Entire thickness of skin involved • Skin gray-white, cherry red, or blackened • Not painful (nerve endings destroyed) or swollen • Skin grafting usually necessary |
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Severity and Treatment of Burns • Critical if |
– >25% of body has second-degree burns – >10% of body has third-degree burns – Face, hands, or feet bear third-degree burns |
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Treatment of burns includes: |
– Debridement (removal) of burned skin – Antibiotics – Temporary covering – Skin grafts |
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thousands of extra calories |
Burn patients need thousands of extra calories to replace lost proteins and allow tissue to repair (gastric or IV lines) |
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leading cause of death in burn victims |
infection |
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how long are burns sterile |
~24 hours |
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signs of Aging skin |
– Epidermal replacement slows, skin becomes thin, dry and itchy (decreased sebaceous gland activity) – Subcutaneous fat and elasticity decrease, leading to cold intolerance and wrinkles – Increased risk of cancer due to decreased numbers of melanocytes and dendritic cells – Hair thinning |
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steps To delay aging skin |
UV protection, good nutrition, lots of fluids, good hygiene |
