A&p Ch. 5 Lecture Notes Cont'd

Front 1

Scalelike modification of the epidermis on the distal, dorsal surface of fingers and toes

Back 1

Nail

Front 2

FUNCTIONS OF THE ____ SYSTEM.
*Protection- chemical, physical, and mechanical barrier
* Body temperature regulation is accomplished by:
* Dilation (cooling) and constriction (warming) of dermal vessels
* Increasing sweat gland secretions to cool the body
* Cutaneous sensation- exoreceptors sense touch and pain

Back 2

Integumentary System

Front 3

FUNCTIONS OF THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
_____ ______- synthesis of vitamin D in dermal blood vessels

Back 3

Metabolic Functions

Front 4

FUNCTIONS OF THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
_____ _____- skin blood vessels store up to 5% of the body's blood volume

Back 4

Blood Reservoir

Front 5

FUNCTIONS OF THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
______- Limited amounts of nitrogenous wastes are eliminated from the body in sweat.

Back 5

Excretion

Front 6

* Most skin tumors are benign and do not metastasize
* A crucial risk factor for nonmelanoma skin cancers is the disabling of the p53 gene
* Newly developed skin lotions can fix damaged DNA.

Back 6

Skin Cancer

Front 7

The three major types of skin cancr are:

Back 7

* Basal cell carcinoma
* Squamous cell carcinoma
* Melanoma

Front 8

* Least malignant and most common skin cancer
* Stratum basale cells proliferate and invade the dermis and hypodermis
* Slow growing and do not often metastasize
* Can be cured by surgical excision in 99% of the cases

Back 8

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Front 9

* Arises from keratinocytes of stratum spinosum
* Arise most often on scalp, ears, and lower lip
* Grows rapidly and metastasizes if not removed
* Prognosis is good if treated by radiation therapy or removed surgically

Back 9

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Front 10

* Cancer of melanocytes is the most dangerous type of skin cancr because it is:
* Highly mestatic
* Resistant to chemotherapy

Back 10

Melanoma

Front 11

* A: Asymetry; the two sides of the pigmented area do not match.
* B: Border is irregular and exhibits indentations
* C: Color (pigmented area) is black, brown, tan, and sometimes red or blue
* D: Diameter is larger than 6 mm (size of pencil eraser)

Back 11

Melanoma (ABCD rule)

Front 12

* Treated by wide surgical excision accompanied by immunotherapy

Back 12

Melanoma

Front 13

Chance of survival is poor if the lesion is over 4mm. thick

Back 13

Melanoma

Front 14

You can prevent the onset of malignant _____ by taking a few precautions

Back 14

Melanoma

Front 15

* Wear sunscreen with a Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of 15 or greater
* Avoid the sun between 10am and 3pm
* Wear wide-brimmed hats and other protective clothing

Back 15

Melanoma

Front 16

Burns
* Only the epidermis is damaged
* Symptoms include localized redness, swelling, and pain

Back 16

First-degree

Front 17

Burns
* epidermis and upper regions of dermis are damaged
* Symptoms mimic first degree burns, but blisters also appear.

Back 17

Second Degree Burns

Front 18

Burns
* Entire thickness of the skin is damaged
* Nurned area appears gray-white, cherry red, or black; there is no initial edema or pain (since nerve endings are destroyed).

Back 18

Third-degree

Front 19

Estimates the severity of burns

Back 19

Rule of nines

Front 20

Over ___% of the body has second degree burns

Back 20

25%

Front 21

Burns are considered critical if:
Over __% of the body has third degree burns
Or if there are third degree burns on face, hands, or feet

Back 21

10%

Front 22

The epidermis developes from the _____

Back 22

Ectoderm

Front 23

The dermis and hypodermis develop from _____

Back 23

Mesoderm

Front 24

Downy coat of delicate hairs covering the fetus

Back 24

Lanugo

Front 25

____ ____- substance produced by sebaceous glands that protects the skin of the fetus in the amnion

Back 25

Vernix caseosa

Front 26

Developmental Aspects of the Integument: _____ to _____
* Skin and hair become oilier and acne may appear
* Skin shows the effects of cumulative environmental assaults around age 30
* Scaling and dermatitis become more common.

Back 26

Adolescent to Adult

Front 27

Developmental Aspects of the Integument: ____ ____
* Epidermal replacement of cells slows and skin becomes thinner
* Skin becomes dry and itchy
* Subcutaneous fat layer diminishes, leading to intolerance of cold
* Decreased elasticity and loss of subcutaneous tissue leads to wrinkles
* Decreased numbers of melanocytes and Langerhans' cells increase the risk of skin cancer.

Back 27

Old Age