A&p Ch 4 Part 6

Front 1

Covering and Lining Membranes

• Composed of:

Back 1

of at least two primary tissue types

– Epithelium bound to underlying connective

tissue proper

– Are simple organs

Front 2

Three types of Covering and Lining Membranes

Back 2

– Cutaneous membranes (skin i.e., Ch 5)

– Mucous membranes

– Serous membranes

Front 3

Cutaneous Membranes

Back 3

• Skin

• Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

(epidermis) attached to a thick layer of

connective tissue (dermis)

• Dry membrane

Front 4

Mucous Membranes

Back 4

• Mucosa indicates location not cell composition

• All called mucosae

– Line body cavities open to the exterior

(e.g., digestive, respiratory, urogenital)

• Moist membranes bathed by secretions

• Epithelial sheet lies over layer of

connective tissue called lamina propria

• May secrete mucus

Front 5

lamina propria

Back 5

epithelial sheet over layer of connective tissue

Front 6

locations of mucosa membrane

Back 6

Mucosa of nasal cavity

Mucosa of mouth

Esophagus lining

Mucosa of lung

bronchi

Front 7

Serous Membranes

Back 7

• Serosae—found in closed ventral body cavity

• Simple squamous epithelium (mesothelium)

resting on thin areolar connective tissue

Front 8

mesothelium

Back 8

Simple squamous epithelium in serous membranes

Front 9

Parietal serosae

Back 9

line internal body cavity walls

Front 10

Visceral serosae

Back 10

cover internal organs

Front 11

Serous fluid

Back 11

between layers

Front 12

Pleurae

Back 12

(lung), )

Front 13

pericardium

Back 13

(heart),

Front 14

peritoneum

Back 14

(abdominal

Front 15

Tissue repair occurs in two major ways

Back 15

–Regeneration

–Fibrosis

Front 16

Regeneration

Back 16

• Replaces destroyed tissue with same

kind of tissue

Front 17

–Fibrosis

Back 17

• Connective tissue replaces destroyed

tissue to form scar tissue

• Original function lost

Front 18

Steps in Tissue Repair: Step 1

Back 18

• Inflammation sets stage

–Release of inflammatory chemicals

–Dilation of blood vessels

– Increase in vessel permeability

–Clotting occurs

Front 19

Steps in Tissue Repair: Step 2

Back 19

• Organization restores blood supply

–Blood clot is replaced with granulation tissue

–Epithelium begins to regenerate

–Fibroblasts produce collagen fibers to bridge the gap

–Debris is phagocytized

Front 20

Steps in Tissue Repair: Step 3

Back 20

• Regeneration and fibrosis

–The scab detaches

–Fibrous tissue matures; epithelium thickens and begins to resemble adjacent tissue

–Results in a fully regenerated epithelium with underlying scar tissue

Front 21

Keloid

Back 21

• Abnormal proliferation of connective tissue during healing of skin wounds

• Large unsightly mass of scar tissue at skin

surface

• Common in African Americans & Mediterranean ancestry

• Excision typically results in reoccurrence with

enhancement

Front 22

Regenerate extremely well

Back 22

– Epithelial tissues,

- bone,

- areolar connective tissue,

- dense irregular connective tissue,

- blood-forming tissue

Front 23

Moderate regenerating capacity

Back 23

– Smooth muscle and

dense regular connective tissue

Front 24

Virtually no functional regenerative capacity

Back 24

– Cardiac muscle & nervous tissue of brain/spinal

cord

– New research shows cell division does occur &

efforts underway to coax them to regenerate better

Front 25

Aging Tissues properties

Back 25

• Normally function well through youth and middle age if adequate diet, circulation, and infrequent wounds and infections

• Epithelia thin with increasing age so more easily breached

• Tissue repair less efficient

• Bone, muscle and nervous tissues begin to

atrophy

• DNA mutations possible  increased cancer

risk