Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
92 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
ENDOCARDIUM (Layers of the heart) |
Lines the heart's interior. Made of thin epithelial cells that provide a smooth surface for easy flow. |
|
|
MYOCARDIUM (Layers of the heart) |
The heart Muscle. The thickest layer. Pumps blood through the vessels. |
|
|
EPICARDIUM (Layers of the heart) |
A serous membrane that forms the thin outermost layer of the heart wall. |
|
|
PERICARDIAL CAVITY |
encloses the heart |
|
|
SEPTUM |
partition separating right and left chamber |
|
|
RIGHT ATRIUM (CHAMBERS OF THE HEART) |
receives the blood returning from body tissues, blood is low in oxygen and is carried in veins leading back to the heart. |
|
|
RIGHT VENTRICLE (CHAMBER OF THE HEART) |
receives blood from the right atrium and pumps it onto the lungs |
|
|
LEFT ATRIUM (CHAMBER OF THE HEART) |
receives oxygen rich blood as it returns from the lungs |
|
|
LEFT VENTRICLE (CHAMBER OF THE HEART) |
chamber with the thickest wall, pumps highly oxygenated blood to all parts of the body, including pun tissues. |
|
|
Blood vessels going in and out of the heart |
superior vena cava inferior vena cava |
|
|
Superior Vena Cava |
brings blood from the head,neck, chest, and arms |
|
|
Inferior Vena Cava |
Delivers blood from the trunk and legs |
|
|
AV Valves (Atrioventricular) |
Entrance Valves |
|
|
Semilunar Valves |
Exit Valves |
|
|
Chordae Tendineae |
Thin,fibrous threads that stabilize calve flaps when the ventricles contract so that the blood's force will not push the valves up into the Atria. |
|
|
SV and AV valves |
close when ventricles contract. open to allow blood to flow |
|
|
Right and Left Coronary Arteries |
First blood vessels that branch out from the aorta. They arise just above the cusps of the aortic valve and branch to all regions of the myocardium. |
|
|
Coronary Sinus |
a dilated vein that opens into the right atrium near the inferior vena cava |
|
|
stroke volume (sv) |
volume of blood ejected from the ventricle with each beat |
|
|
Cardiac Output (CO) |
volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in 1 minute |
|
|
Heart Rate (HR) |
# of times the heart beats per minute |
|
|
Cardiac Cycle |
one complete phase of heart contraction and relaxation |
|
|
Systole |
Active phase of a heartbeat |
|
|
Diastole |
Resting phase of a heartbeat |
|
|
Atrial constriction ends before ventricular contraction begins |
|
|
|
Electrical Impulses through the heart |
1. The SA generates the electric impulse that begins heartbeat. 2.The wave travels through myocardium, causing atrium to contract. Waves also trace to AV mode. 3.AV mode is stimulated allowing atria to contract and complete the filling of ventricles before they contract. 4.Excitation wave travels through the AV bundle and through the ventricular walls. The musculature contracts a wave, beginning at the apex and squeezing blood upward toward the aorta and pulmonary artery. |
|
|
Sympathetic affects on the heart |
affected by stressors such as excitement and exercise. This increases the heart rate by stimulating the SA and AV nodes. |
|
|
Parasympathetic affects on the heart |
decreases the heart rate |
|
|
Tachycardia |
heart rate 100+ BPM |
|
|
Bradycardia |
less that 60 BPM |
|
|
Fibrillation |
Rapid, uncoordinated beating |
|
|
Infarct |
Area of damaged tissue from lack of blood supply due to a vessel blockage |
|
|
Thrombosis |
Condition of having a blood clot |
|
|
Plaque |
Patch or flat area:fatty material that deposits in vessel linings in atherosclerosis |
|
|
Occlusion |
Closing of a vessel |
|
|
Ischemia |
Lack of blood supply to an area |
|
|
Cyanosis |
Bluish discoloration of skin and mucous membranes from lack of oxygen |
|
|
Atherosclerosis |
Hardening of the arteries |
|
|
Arrythmia |
abnormal rhythm of the heartbeat; Dysrhythmia |
|
|
Angina |
Sever choking pain; Disease or condition causing such pain |
|
|
Heart Block |
Interruption of electrical impulses in heart's conduction system |
|
|
Foramen Ovale |
The fetal heart has a small hole in the septum between the right and left atrium |
|
|
Valvular stenosis |
valves that fail to open completely or have narrowed openings, reducing blood flow in and out of the heart |
|
|
valvular insufficiency |
valves that fail to close properly, leading to back flow |
|
|
Flutter |
sensation that your heart has skipped a beat or added an extra beat |
|
|
Bradyesthesia |
slow sensory perception |
|
|
Flow Of Blood |
Blood enters the heart through the inferior and superior vena cava emptying oxygen-poor blood from the body into the right atrium of the heart. As the atrium contracts, blood flows from the right atrium into the right ventricle through the open tricuspid valve. |
|
|
Ductus Arteriosus
|
small blood vessel that connects the pulmonary artery and the aorta in a fetus so that some blood headed toward the lungs will enter the aorta instead closes on its own when lungs are in use |
|
|
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
|
persistence of the ductus arteriosus after birth causes oxygen rich blood to go from left heart to right and from aorta into pulmonary instead of out to body |
|
|
Foramen Ovale
|
small hole in fetal heart in the septum between the right and left atria allows some blood flow directly from right atrium into left atrium bypassing lungs |
|
|
Atrial Septal Defect
|
abnormal opening or hole in the heart can be caused by failure of foramen ovale to close |
|
|
Valvular Stenosis
|
valves that fail to open completely or have narrowed openings reduces blood flow within and out of the heart |
|
|
Valvular Insufficiency
|
valves that fail to close properly, leading to backflow
|
|
|
Angioplasty
|
procedure used to open restricted arteries in the heart and other areas of the body |
|
|
Stent
|
small tube inserted into a vessel to keep it open
|
|
|
Echocardiography
|
also known as ultrasound cardiography high frequency sound waves are sent to the heart from a small instrument on the chest surface used to provide information on the size and shape of heart structures, cardiac function and possible heart defects |
|
|
Myocardial Infarction (MI)
|
medical term for a heart attack sudden occlusion of coronary vessel with complete obstruction of blood flow |
|
|
Set Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease
|
Age- increases with age Gender- men higher before middle age, then equal Heredity- greater risk w/family history of heart disease Body type- in particular the hereditary tendancy to deposit fat in abdomen or on chest surface |
|
|
Changeable Risk Factors for CAD
|
smoking, physical inactivity, weight, saturated fat in diet, hypertension, diabetes, sleep apnea
|
|
|
Anticoagulants
|
drugs used to prevent clot formation in patients with damage to heart valves or blood vessels and in patients who have had a myocardial infarction
|
|
|
Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents
|
drugs that reduce sympathetic stimulation of the heart reduce the rate and strength of heart contractions and reduce heart's oxygen demand |
|
|
Antiarrhythmic Agents
|
drugs used to regulate the rate and rhythm of the heartbeat
|
|
|
Calcium Channel Blockers
|
drugs that can aid in the treatment of coronary heart disease and hypertension dilate vessels, control force of heart contractions, regulate conduction through AV node |
|
|
Statin Drugs
|
drugs that lower blood cholesterol by inhibiting an enzyme the liver needs to manufacture it
|
|
|
cardi/o
|
heart
|
|
|
pulmon/o |
lung
|
|
|
brady-
|
slow
|
|
|
sin/o
|
sinus
|
|
|
tachy-
|
rapid
|
|
|
angi/o
|
vessel
|
|
|
steth/o
|
chest
|
|
|
cyan/o
|
blue
|
|
|
isch
|
suppression
|
|
|
scler/o
|
hard
|
|
|
sten/o
|
narrowing, closure
|
|
|
-ectomy
|
surgical removal
|
|
|
-plasty
|
molding, surgical formation
|
|
|
What are PQRST Waves?
|
waves on ECG that show electric activity of heart and it's functions
|
|
|
What does the P Wave Represent?
|
depolarization of the atria
|
|
|
What does the QRS Wave Represent?
|
depolarization of the ventricles
|
|
|
What does the T Wave represent?
|
ventricular repolarization
|
|
|
What hides atrial repolarization?
|
QRS wave
|
|
|
Endocartitis
|
Inflammation of the heart's lining most commonly refers to inflammation of the endocardium covering the valves |
|
|
Myocarditis
|
inflammation of heart muscle
|
|
|
pericarditis
|
inflammation of the serous or fibrous membrane surrounding the heart
|
|
|
Rheumatic Fever
|
generalized inflammatory disorder with marked swelling of the joints can be caused by streptococcal infection and lead to rheumatic heart disease when the antibodies start to attack the heart valves |
|
|
Congenital Heart Defects
|
Atrial Septal Defect Patent Ductus Arteriosus Ventricular Septal Defect Coarctation of the Aorta Tetralogy of Fallot |
|
|
Ventricular Septal defect
|
hole in the interventricular septum
|
|
|
Coarctation of the Aorta
|
localized narrowing of the aortic arch
|
|
|
Tetralogy of Fallot
|
common combination of four congenital heart defects: pulmonary artery stenosis, interventricular septal defect, aortic displacement to the right, right ventricular hypertrophy
|
|
|
Flutter |
Extremely rapid but coordinated contractions, numbering up to 300 BPM |
|
|
Heart Block |
An interruption of electric impulses in the heart's conduction system |
