Ap Ch 10 Pg 338-

Front 1

What is the most complex system of the body?

Back 1

The Nervous System

Front 2

What ability does it have?

Back 2

the ability to respond externally and internally

Front 3

What is the nervous sys. made of?

Back 3

mainly nerual tissue, also blood vessels and CT

Front 4

What is neural tissue made of?

Back 4

neurons and neuroglial cells

Front 5

Neurons-

Back 5

structural and functional units of the nervous system specialized to react to physical and chemical changes in their surroundings

Front 6

What are the three parts of the neuron and its function:

Back 6

axon-only 1 per cell, carries info away; dendrite-1 or more per cell, carries info to cell; perikaryon-the cell body around nucleus

Front 7

nerves transmit _____ along _____

Back 7

nerve impulses; nerve fibers

Front 8

Nerves-

Back 8

bundles of nerve fibers, (axons)

Front 9

Functions of neurogilial cells:

Back 9

fill spaces, surround, and support neurons, nourishing and sending ane receiving messages

Front 10

what are axons?

Back 10

nerve fibers

Front 11

What are the small spaces between neurons?

Back 11

synapses

Front 12

What happens at these synapses? what carries it?

Back 12

impulses cross the synapses,neurotransmitters

Front 13

neurotransmitters?

Back 13

molecules that are actual carriers of info

Front 14

What are the two groups that the organs of the nervous system can be divided into?

Back 14

Central Nervous System and the Peripheral Nervous System

Front 15

What is the CNS made of?

Back 15

brain and spinal cord

Front 16

What is the PNS made of?

Back 16

nerves that connect the cns to other body parts

Front 17

Together these systems provide three general funtions:

Back 17

sensory, integrative, and motor

Front 18

How does Sensory work?

Back 18

There are sensory receptors at the distal ends of peripheral nerves. These gather inro from changes inside and outside the body. These receptors convert their info into nerve impulses. These are transmitted to the CNS from the PNS.

Front 19

Integration?

Back 19

This is where integreation occurs. This means that the impulses are brought together to crete sensations, add to memory or produce thoughts. Afther this happens, couscious or subconscious decisions are made and then acted upon by a motor function.

Front 20

Motor?

Back 20

The motor duncions of the nervous system uses the peripheral neurons to carry impulses to the effectors. These are outside of the nervous system...muscles and glands. These are structures that can respond to nervous stimulation.

Front 21

What does a perikaryon of a neuron contain?

Back 21

cytoplasm, mitochondria, lysosomes, neurofibrils and packets of chromatophilic substance once called Nissl bodies (rough ER)

Front 22

What are the two divisions of the motor portion of the PNS?

Back 22

somatic ns and autonomic ns

Front 23

somatic ns?

Back 23

involved in conscious ancivities (voluntary), suck as skeletal muscle contration

Front 24

autonomic ns?

Back 24

controls viscera such as the heart and various glands and therefor controls subconscious (involuntary)action

Front 25

what extends into the axon and supports them, fine threads?

Back 25

neurofibrils

Front 26

what is scattered throughouth the cytoplasm that consist of tough er, membranous packets?

Back 26

chromatophilic substance

Front 27

what is between the synaptic knob of the axon terminal and the receptive surface?

Back 27

synaptic cleft

Front 28

larger axons in the PNS have sheath made of _____ that is a type of _____

Back 28

Schwann cells; neruoglial cell

Front 29

what do they do?

Back 29

tightly wrap around the axon forming the MYELIN SHEATH.

Front 30

the outer layer of the sheath contains _____ and ____ and is called the ______.

Back 30

nuclei and cytoplasm and is called the neurilemma sheath

Front 31

Myelinated nerve fibers are ____ or _____

Back 31

white fibers, white matter

Front 32

Unmyelinated nerve fibers are

Back 32

gray fibers, gray matter

Front 33

Schwann cell are _____ found ONLY in the ____

Back 33

neuroglial cells, PNS

Front 34

What are the narrow gaps in the myelin sheath between Schwann cells?

Back 34

nodes of Ranvier

Front 35

what are the types of neuroglial cells?

Back 35

astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglial cells, ependyma

Front 36

astrocytes?

Back 36

star shaped, the largest and most numerous. They are found between nerve cells and blodd vessels. they function in support and nourishment ...also, respond to injury by froming scar tissue

Front 37

oligodendrocytes-

Back 37

these function to form the myelin sheath in the CNS

Front 38

microglial cells-

Back 38

are very small and functionin phagocytosis of facteria and cellular debris

Front 39

ependyma-

Back 39

cuboidal or columnar and may be ciliated. these form a membrane that lones the ventricles of the brain and spinal cord

Front 40

Regeneration of nerve fibers: If the _____ of a neuron is damaged, the cell usually _____; but if the ____ is damaged the cell may _____.

Back 40

cellbody; dies; axon; regenerates

Front 41

In ------ nerves, if the ---- is damaged, the distal end and its myelin sheath ------- within a few weeks

Back 41

peripheral , axon, disintergratest

Front 42

----- cells move the debris, leaving a tube made up of ----- and a thin ------ these are remnants of the -----

Back 42

macrophage, ct, basement membrane, schwann cells

Front 43

the proximal end of the ---- will develop ------ that grow into the -----

Back 43

axon; sprouts; tube

Front 44

the tube will lead the axon back to ----

Back 44

point of attachment

Front 45

------ will proliferate along the length of the axon to form a new myelin sheath

Back 45

schwann cells

Front 46

regeneration is ----- but may be -----

Back 46

slow, complete

Front 47

why is regeneration in the CNS not likely to take place?

Back 47

dont have schwann cells thus shere is no ct or bm to form a tube to reconnect to the point of attachment