A&p Ch 1

Front 1

gross anantomy or macroscopic anatomy

Back 1

the examination of relatively large structures/features visible to the unaided eye

Front 2

surface anatomy

Back 2

the study of general form & superficial markings

Front 3

regional anatomy

Back 3

focuses on anatomical organization of specific areas of the body such as head, trunk, or neck.
-adavanced anatomy stresses this apporaoch

Front 4

systemic anatomy

Back 4

the study of the structure of organ systems
-ex: skeletol system, muscular system

Front 5

cytology

Back 5

the study of the internal structure of cells

Front 6

histology

Back 6

the examination of tissues

Front 7

Levels of organization from molecules to complete organism:

Back 7

1. chemical (molecular)
2. cellular
3. tissue
4. organ
5. organ system
6. organism

Front 8

homeostasis

Back 8

the existence of a stable environment
(normal body temp)

Front 9

autoregulation or intrinsic regulation

Back 9

when a cell, tissue, organ, or organ system adjusts its activities automatically in response to some environmental change
-ex: oxygen levels decline in a tissue, so cells release chemicals that dilate local blood vessels, in turn increasing blood flow & oxygen to region

Front 10

extrinsic regulation

Back 10

results from activities of the nervous or endocrine system to control or adjust many other systems simultaneously
-ex: when you exercise, your nervous system makes your heart rate increase increase so that blood circulates faster, while decreasing blood flow to less active organs, such as digestive tract

Front 11

3 parts of homeostatic regulatory mechanism

Back 11

1. receptor
2. control center
3. effector

Front 12

receptor

Back 12

a sensor that is sensitive to particular stimulus or enviromental change
(thermometer)
(sensors in skin)

Front 13

control center or integration center

Back 13

receives & processes info supplied by receptor & sends out commands
(thermostat)
(thermoregulator center in brain)

Front 14

effector

Back 14

cell or organ that responds to commands of control center & whose activities either oppose or enhace stimulus
(heater/air conditioner)
(sweat glands increase secreation; blood vessels in skin dilate)

Front 15

set point

Back 15

desired value
(temp you select)

Front 16

negative feedback

Back 16

-an effector activated by control center negates the original stimulus
-counteracts effects
-primary mechanism of homeostatic regulation
ex: increased aorta pressure triggers mechanisms to lower blood pressure

Front 17

positive feedback

Back 17

-an initial stimulus produces a response that exaggerates or enhances the original change in conditions
ex: increasingly forceful contractions during childbirth

Front 18

anatomical position

Back 18

hands are on sides of body facing forward

Front 19

prone

Back 19

face down

Front 20

supine

Back 20

face up

Front 21

anterior

Back 21

front of body

Front 22

posterior/dorsal

Back 22

back of body

Front 23

ventral

Back 23

refers to the belly

Front 24

caudal

Back 24

the tail
-hips to the waist

Front 25

medial

Back 25

toward the body's longitudinal axis; toward the midsagittal plane
-from arm to chest brings you to sternum

Front 26

distal

Back 26

away from the attached base
-fingers to the wrist

Front 27

lateral

Back 27

away from the body's longitudinal axis; away from the midsagittal plane
-moving from nose to cheeks

Front 28

parasagittal

Back 28

a cut parallel to midsagittal plane; separates body into left & right portions of unequal size

Front 29

midsagittal

Back 29

plane passes through midline, dividing into left & right

Front 30

transverse

Back 30

cross section; separates horizontally into superior/inferior sections

Front 31

sagittal

Back 31

paralle to axis

Front 32

thoracic cavity

Back 32

anything deep into chest wall
1. right pleural cavity
2. mediastinum
3. pericardial
4. left pleural cavity

Front 33

right pleural cavity

Back 33

surrounds right lung

Front 34

mediastinum

Back 34

mass of tissue that contains trachea, esophagus, & major blood vessels

Front 35

pericardial cavity

Back 35

within mediastinum, surrounds heart

Front 36

left pleural cavity

Back 36

surrounds left lung

Front 37

adominopelvic cavity

Back 37

contains all structures deep to the abdominal & pelvic walls
1. peritoneal cavity
2. abdominal cavity
3. pelvic cavity

Front 38

peritoneal cavity

Back 38

extends throughout abdominal caavity & into superior portion of pelvic cavity

Front 39

abdominal cavity

Back 39

contains mainy digestive glands and organs

Front 40

pelvic cavity

Back 40

contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, last portion or digestive tract

Front 41

thoracic & abdominopelvic cavities are separated by

Back 41

diaphragm; flat muscular sheet

Front 42

viseral pleaura

Back 42

covers outer surfaces of lungs

Front 43

parietal pleaura

Back 43

covers mediastinal surface & inner body wall of lungs

Front 44

viscera

Back 44

cavities that completely or partially enclose internal organs

Front 45

lines the walls of internal cavities & covers the surfaces of enclosed viscera

Back 45

serous membrane

Front 46

the kidneys & pancreas are _______ because they lie between the peritoneal lining & muscular wall

Back 46

retroperitoneal

Front 47

the urinary bladder extend inferior to the peritoneal cavity, so they are ______

Back 47

infraperitoneal

Front 48

plane

Back 48

an axis

Front 49

section

Back 49

single view or slice between planes

Front 50

epigastric region contains

Back 50

liver, stomach

Front 51

umbilical region contains

Back 51

gallbladder, large intestine, small intestine

Front 52

hypogastric region contains

Back 52

appendix, urinary bladder

Front 53

the left hypochondriac region contains

Back 53

the spleen

Front 54

ipsilateral

Back 54

same side of the body

Front 55

opposite side of the body

Back 55

contralateral