A&p Ch 1

Front 1

Abdominal Quadrants

Back 1

An approach to the geography of the abdominopelvic region most commonly used in a clinical setting, divided the abdomen into four quarters.

Front 2

Abdominopelvic Cavity

Back 2

The diaphragm divides the ventral body cavity into two parts: a superior part enclosed by the rebccage called the thoracic cavity, and the inferior abdominopelvic cavity.

Front 3

Adhesion Moscules

Back 3

Allow the cells of a tissue to recognize one another and stick together.

Front 4

Adipocytes

Back 4

Fat cells derived from fibroblasts. The interior of each adipocyte is dominated by a droplet of fat.

Front 5

Adipose Tissue

Back 5

Specialized tissue for the storage of fat.

Front 6

ADP

Back 6

An energy-depleted from of ATP

Front 7

Anatomical position

Back 7

The subject or patient is erect, facing the viewer, with feet pointed ahead, arms at the sides, and the palms of the hands turned forward.

Front 8

Appendicular Region

Back 8

One of the fundamental regions of the body, consistiong of the limbs or extremities.

Front 9

ATP

Back 9

Within the mitochondria, the energy from the oxidation of foodstuffs is applied to the synthesis of ATP, the general chemical energy source for energy-requiting cellular processes.

Front 10

Axial region

Back 10

One of the fundamental regions of the body, consisting of the head, neck, and trunk.

Front 11

Bilayer

Back 11

Double layer.

Front 12

Blood Plasma

Back 12

A fluid component containing salts; some organic solutes; dissolved gases and proteins.

Front 13

body Cavities

Back 13

hollo spaces within the body that contain internal organs: Dorsal, Ventral, and Scrotal (in men)

Front 14

Bone Marrow

Back 14

The site of synthesis of blood cells in adults.

Front 15

Canaliculus

Back 15

Small channels that allow nutrients and oxygen to reach osteocytes and cellular wastes to be removed.

Front 16

Cancellous Bone

Back 16

Bones consist of an outer covering of compact (dense) bone surrounding a core of cancellous (spongy) bone.

Front 17

Cardiac Muscle

Back 17

Makes up the walls of the heart and is respondible for circulating blood to all parts of the body.

Front 18

Cartilage

Back 18

A strong, flexible, smooth material composed of collagen and chondroitin that, in adults, supports some soft tissues; covers the ends of bones; and provides bearing surfaces for joints.

Front 19

Chondrocytes

Back 19

Cells that secrete cartilage.

Front 20

chondroitin

Back 20

A type of intercellurlar substance formed by connective tissues, a tough, flexible material that is a major component of cartilage, one form of connective tissue.

Front 21

Collagen

Back 21

A type of intercellular substance formed by connective tissues composed of giant, fibrous molecules that may be arranged in bundles or as a mash.

Front 22

Columnar

Back 22

Cells that are cylindrical with hieights greater than their widths.

Front 23

Compact Bone

Back 23

An outer covering that surrounds a core of cancellous bone composed of units called osteons.

Front 24

Connective Tissue

Back 24

Holds body parts together and contributes to the structural integrity of the other tissue types.

Front 25

Connective Tissue Proper

Back 25

Composes a loosely arranged structural framework for almost every tissue.

Front 26

Cranial Cavity

Back 26

Within the skull, containing the brain.

Front 27

Cuboidal

Back 27

Cells that are approximately as wide as they are tall.

Front 28

Cytoplasm

Back 28

The intracellular fluid.

Front 29

Cytoskeleton

Back 29

The scaffold of filaments within the sytoplasm that allow the cell to maintain a form and to move.

Front 30

Differentiation

Back 30

A process in which unspecialized cells acquire specific cellular structures and become specialized to perform specific functions.

Front 31

Directional Terms

Back 31

The terms used to describe the relationships of individual structures and regions.

Front 32

Ectoderm

Back 32

In the earliest stages of enbryonic development, the outermost layer of the unspecialized embryonic cells that separate into three layers.

Front 33

Elastin

Back 33

A type of intercellular substance formed by connective tissues composed of giant, fibrous molecules that may be arranged in bundles or as mesh.

Front 34

Endocrine Glands

Back 34

Formed by epithelial cells, they secrete chemical messengers called hormones into the blood.

Front 35

Endoderm

Back 35

In the earliest stages of embryonic development, the innermost layer of the unspecialized embryonic cells that separate into three layers.

Front 36

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 36

An internal membrane system that contains proteins and lipids destined for various metabolic fates within the cell, for secretion to the exterior, or for incorporation into the plasma membrane.

Front 37

Epithelial Tissue

Back 37

Aspecific tissue that develops form the ectoderm and endoderm, consisting of sheets of cells. Typically, epithelia form barriers between the interior of the body and the external environment, covering the body's surface and lining hollow internal organs.

Front 38

Erythrocytes

Back 38

Red blood cells.

Front 39

Exocrine Glands

Back 39

Secrete substances by way of ducts to the exterior, for example, the salivary glands of the mouthe and the wear glands of the skin.

Front 40

Extrinsic

Back 40

Membrane proteins and less tightly attached and may be removed by chemical treatments that do not dissolve the membrane.

Front 41

Fibroblasts

Back 41

Characteristic cells that secrete intercellular materials.

Front 42

Formed Elements

Back 42

In the blood, formed elements include erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and thrombocytes (platelets).

Front 43

Frontal Section

Back 43

Passes parallel to the midline and at right angles to the plane of the sagittal section and would divide the body into dorsal and ventral portions.

Front 44

Glia

Back 44

Support the neurons and maintain a favorable environment for their functions.

Front 45

Glycoproteins

Back 45

Strands of sugar molecules attached to the proteins.

Front 46

Golgi Apparatus

Back 46

Closely stacked sacs of endoplasmic reticulum that serve as a sorting station for proteins synthesized by ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.

Front 47

Haversian Canal

Back 47

A central canal that contains blood vessels and nerves surrounding by each osteon.

Front 48

Horizontal Section

Back 48

A cut at right angles to the midline and dividing the body into superior and inferior portions.

Front 49

Hormones

Back 49

Chemical messengers secreted by the endocrine glands.

Front 50

Hyaluronic Acid

Back 50

A major type of intercellular substance formed by connective tissues.

Front 51

Intercelllar Material

Back 51

Material secreted by fibroblast.

Front 52

Intermediate Filaments

Back 52

One of three basic types of filaments within the cytoplasm that allow the cell to maintain a form and to move.

Front 53

Intricsic

Back 53

Membrane proteins are tightly associated with the membrane and in some cases span it from one side to the other.

Front 54

Lacunae

Back 54

Spaces between the lamellae occupied by osteocytes.

Front 55

Lamellae

Back 55

Concentric rings of a mineralized intercellular substance surrounding the Haversian canal.

Front 56

Leukocytes

Back 56

White blood cells.

Front 57

Ligaments

Back 57

The structures that hold joints together.

Front 58

Mesoderm

Back 58

In the earliest stages of embryonic development, the unspecialized embyonic cell layer that lies between the ectoderm and endoderm.

Front 59

Microfilaments

Back 59

One of the three basic types of filaments within the cytoplasm that allow the cell to maintain a form and to move.

Front 60

Microtubules

Back 60

One of the three basic types of filaments within the cytoplasm that allow the cell to maintain a form and to move.

Front 61

Midline

Back 61

The median line or median plane of the body or some part of the body.

Front 62

Midsagittal Section

Back 62

If the body were sliced into equal right and left halves, this cut would pass through the sagittal plane along the midline of the body

Front 63

Mitochondria

Back 63

Rod-like structures consisting of a double-bilayer membrane that are the sites of the reactions of terminal oxidative metabolism.

Front 64

Neurons

Back 64

Nervous tissues that generate and conduct electrical impulses and communicate with other cells by way of chemical messages.

Front 65

Nucleus

Back 65

contains the genetic material (DNA) together with molecules that affect expression of specific parts of the genetic code.

Front 66

Organelles

Back 66

Structures contained within the cytoplasm.

Front 67

Osteoblasts

Back 67

Osteocytes that synthesize bone.

Front 68

Osteoclasts

Back 68

Osteocytes that break down bone.

Front 69

Osteons

Back 69

Units of compact bone.

Front 70

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Back 70

The process in mitochondria that involve the reactions of terminal oxidative metabolism, where the energy from oxidation of foodstuffs in applied to the synthesis of ATP, the general chemical energy source for energy-requiring cellular processes, and ADP, and energy-depleted form of the same molecule.

Front 71

Parasagittal Planes

Back 71

Planes that cut the body to the right or left of the midline, generating unequal portions.

Front 72

Plasma Membrane

Back 72

The outer boundary of the cell containing membrane proteins embedded in it and attached to its surfaces.

Front 73

Pseudostratified

Back 73

Some simple epithelia, which are one cell layer thick. they do consist of one cell layer, but some of the cells are not tall enough to reach all the way form one side of the sheet to the other.

Front 74

Receptors

Back 74

Membrane proteins that detect of chemical messages from other cells.

Front 75

Ribosomes

Back 75

An organaelle composed of prteins and ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) that synthesize proteins based on codes delivered to them in the form of messenger RNA (mRNA)

Front 76

Scrotal Cavity

Back 76

A hollow internal space present only in males.

Front 77

Simple epithelia

Back 77

One structural type of epithelia, one cell layer thick.

Front 78

Skeletal muscle

Back 78

Muscle attached to the bony skeleton that moves body parts relative to one another.

Front 79

Smooth Muscle

Back 79

Muscle that surrounds hollow

Front 80

spinal Cord

Back 80

Contained with in the vertebral canal with in the vertebral column.

Front 81

Spinal Roots

Back 81

Contained with in the vertebral canal with in the vertebral column, as part of the spinal cord.

Front 82

Squamous

Back 82

Cells that are flattened and resumble paving stones.

Front 83

Stem Cells

Back 83

Within tissue, required cells that regenerate new differentiated cells.

Front 84

Stratified Epithelia

Back 84

One structural type of epithelia, composed of multiple cell layers.

Front 85

Tendons

Back 85

The structures that connect skeletal muscles with the bony skeleton.

Front 86

Thoracic Cavity

Back 86

The diaphragm, a sheet of msucle, divides the ventral body cavity into two parts a superior part enclosed by the ribcage called the thoracic cavity, and an inferior abdominopelvic cavity.

Front 87

Thrombosytes

Back 87

A component in blood.

Front 88

Trabeculae

Back 88

A mineralized meshwork in cancellous bone.

Front 89

Transport Proteins

Back 89

Determine what does into and out of the cell.

Front 90

Transverse Section

Back 90

The horizontal plane that is the result of a horizontal cut that divides the body into superior and inferior parts.

Front 91

Ventral Body Cavity

Back 91

Contains the soft internal organs.

Front 92

Vertebral Column

Back 92

The spine.

Front 93

Vertebral Cananl

Back 93

The spinal canal within the vertebral column.

Front 94

Viscera

Back 94

the soft internal organs.