A/p Cell Structure

Front 1

organization

Back 1

most important characteristic of body structure

Front 2

cells

Back 2

body unit; structures defined as the smallest unit of living things that can maintain life and reproduce

Front 3

tissues

Back 3

groups of large #'s of similar cells with varying amounts and kinds of materials between them

Front 4

organs

Back 4

different kinds of tissues organized in definite ways so organ can perform a complex function

Front 5

systems

Back 5

organs of various kinds and #'s organized together to perform a more complex function than any one organ can perform alone

Front 6

anatomy

Back 6

the science dealing with the form and structure of living organisms

Front 7

physiology

Back 7

the science dealing with the functions of living organisms and their parts

Front 8

plasma membrane

Back 8

forms the boundary of the cell, controls substance entrance and exit, keeps the cell whole

Front 9

cytoplasm

Back 9

the ground substance of a cell, makes up the bulk of the cell's interior

Front 10

nucleus

Back 10

controls cell activity, consists of DNA contained in chromosomes which make heredity possible

Front 11

nucleolus

Back 11

subunits of ribosomes are synthesized here, can be sent to ER or freed in cytoplasm

Front 12

ribosomes

Back 12

granules of RNA where the linking / formation of protein takes place

Front 13

golgi complex

Back 13

tiny sacs stacked upon eachother; makes carbs / combines with proteins, packages them

Front 14

lysosomes

Back 14

membrane-lined containers of enzymes which merge with vacuoles holding foreign material and digest it's contents

Front 15

nuclear membrane

Back 15

membrane around the nucleus

Front 16

endoplasmic reticulum

Back 16

network of thin canals; follow a path through cell's cytoplasm and eventually open up at cell's surface; transports proteins

Front 17

smooth er

Back 17

produce hormones / cholesterol / etc

Front 18

rough er

Back 18

studded with ribosomes

Front 19

mitochondria

Back 19

sausage-shaped structure consisting of two membranous sacs; one inside of the other. Powerhouses for the cell, provide energy via metabolism

Front 20

centriole

Back 20

a pair of barrel-like cylinders that are believed to produce the asters and spindle chromosomes travel through during cell division

Front 21

vacuoles / pinocytotic vesicles

Back 21

membrane-lined containers of various compounds for transit through the cell, can eject contents out or take fluid or solids in

Front 22

phagocytosis

Back 22

cellular eating

Front 23

pinocytosis

Back 23

cellular dirinking

Front 24

catabolism

Back 24

breakdown of a molecule; releases energy

Front 25

anabolism

Back 25

building a molecule; makes complex compounds

Front 26

diffusion

Back 26

molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration; in body fluids, molecules of gases and ions of substances are in constant motion

Front 27

osmosis

Back 27

diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane; flows from an area of high to low concentration until equilibrium is reached

Front 28

active transport

Back 28

a type of transport that requires energy input to work

Front 29

passive transport

Back 29

a type of transport that does not require energy input to work

Front 30

homeostasis

Back 30

ideal body state; maintenance of proper cellular environment

Front 31

mitosis

Back 31

process by which all body cells except gametes reproduce; different speeds for different cells

Front 32

meiosis

Back 32

process by which gametes reproduce

Front 33

atrophy

Back 33

failure of certain cells to grow and divide

Front 34

cancer

Back 34

uncontrolled mitosis; seeing mitotic figures in an area where you should have mature cells is an indicator