A/p Body Tissues

Front 1

epithelial tissue functions

Back 1

protection, absorption, secretion, filtration, sensory input

Front 2

stratified squamous epithelium

Back 2

epithelial; covers the skin, mitoses often, can stretch, protects against wear and is a primary defense

Front 3

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Back 3

lines bronchi

Front 4

simple squamous epithelium

Back 4

tissue that forms single layers for diffusion; found in blood vessels and alveoli

Front 5

columnar and cuboidal epithelial cells

Back 5

for absorption; line gi tract

Front 6

epithelial tissue that secretes

Back 6

located in mammary tissue and gi tract

Front 7

connective tissue function

Back 7

connects tissue to one another, supports and binds body structures together

Front 8

areolar tissue

Back 8

connective; glue of body where tissues attach to eachother, thin and stringy

Front 9

fibrous tissue

Back 9

connective; collagen and elastic fibers that make up tendons and ligaments

Front 10

adipose tissue

Back 10

connective; fat; pads, fills space, and protects

Front 11

cartilage

Back 11

connective; solid, flexible, and weight bearing; on ends of bone, in ears and nose

Front 12

hemopoietic

Back 12

connective; tissue that forms blood cells

Front 13

bone

Back 13

connective; gives strength, structure, support

Front 14

muscle tissue functions

Back 14

contraction

Front 15

smooth muscle

Back 15

found in walls of hollow organs; gives organ movements; involuntary

Front 16

cardiac muscle

Back 16

found in the heart; looks striated but moves involuntarily

Front 17

skeletal muscle

Back 17

striated, makes up the form of the body, voluntary

Front 18

nervous tissue functions

Back 18

transmit stimuli; makes up the nerves, spinal cord and brain

Front 19

skeletal system

Back 19

bones and joints

Front 20

muscular system

Back 20

muscles

Front 21

nervous system

Back 21

brain, spinal cord, nerves, ganglia

Front 22

circulatory system

Back 22

heart, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, lymphnodes, spleen

Front 23

digestive system

Back 23

mouth, teeth, tongue, salivary glands, tonsils, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gall bladder, pancreas

Front 24

respiratory

Back 24

nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial

Front 25

urinary

Back 25

kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

Front 26

reproductive [male]

Back 26

testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, urethra, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands, scrotum, penis, spermatic cord

Front 27

reproductive [female]

Back 27

ovaries, uterine tube, uterus, vagina, vulva, mammary glands

Front 28

endocrine system

Back 28

pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, Islands of Langerhans, and sex glands

Front 29

thoracic cavity (thorax)

Back 29

contains lungs, heart, mediastinum (contains trachea and esophagus)

Front 30

abdominal cavity

Back 30

liver, gall bladder, stomach, pancreas, intestines, spleen, kidneys

Front 31

pelvic cavity

Back 31

urinary bladder, reproductive organs, part of the large intestine

Front 32

fascia

Back 32

connective tissue found between tissues that acts as glue; heavier than areolar tissue

Front 33

epithelial vasculature

Back 33

no blood supply; rely on underlying connective tissue to supply with blood

Front 34

classification of epithelial tissue

Back 34

1. Number of layers of cells (simple or stratified)
2. Shape of cells (squamous, cuboidal, or columnar)
3. Presence of surface specialization (cilia, keratinized)

Front 35

simple squamous epithelium [description]

Back 35

single layer of flattened cells with a fried egg appearance; nuclei are disk shaped and centrally located

Front 36

simple squamous epithelium [general features]

Back 36

delicate and thin; lines inner surfaces where gas or liquid exchange takes place or body cavities; reduces friction in blood vessels

Front 37

simple squamous epithelium [location]

Back 37

alveoli, lining of blood and lymphatic vessels, lining of heart and major body cavities, filtration units (glomeruli) in kidneys

Front 38

simple cuboidal epithelium
[general info]

Back 38

single layer of square cells; does not provide much protection; in safe regions where absorption / secretion takes place like endocrine / exocrine tissue

Front 39

simple cuboidal epithelium [description]

Back 39

a row of single tightly packed cube cells, each containing a round, centrally placed nucleus

Front 40

simple cuboidal epithelium [location]

Back 40

tubules of kidney terminal bronchioles in lungs, choroid plexus of brain, glands and ducts, surface of ovaries

Front 41

simple cuboidal epithelium [functions]

Back 41

absorption and secretion; ciliated in bronchioles for particle movement; secretion in choroid plexus and glands

Front 42

simple columnar epithelium [general info]

Back 42

elongated and closely packed; more protective and thick than squamous or cuboidal; can be ciliated

Front 43

simple columnar epithelium [description]

Back 43

a single layer of tall, slender cells with oval nuclei; may or may not be ciliated and have goblet cells

Front 44

simple columnar epithelium [location]

Back 44

nonciliated lines gi tract stomach-rectum and gallbladder and excretory ducts of some glands; ciliated variety in uterine tubes, uterus, and small bronchi of the lungs

Front 45

simple columnar epithelium
[function]

Back 45

absorption in intestine; secretion in stomach, glands, and intestine; ciliated cells assist with movement of particles in lungs and uterine tubes

Front 46

stratified squamous epithelium
[general info]

Back 46

has multiple layers; found in regions prone to stresses (mechanical or chemical); outer surfaces are constantly being worn away but replaced by underlying cells; cuboidal cells compose the base and as they push towards the surface they lose cytoplasm and nuclei becoming more squamous; can be keritanized or non-keratinized

Front 47

stratified squamous epithelium [description]

Back 47

multilayered tissue; cells along basement membrane are dividing (are cuboidal or columnar) as they mature they lose nuclei and organelles and flatten into thin flakes; in skin, maturing cells fill with keratin (only found in epidermis)

Front 48

stratified squamous epithelium [location]

Back 48

[non-keratinized] lining the mouth, esophagus, vagina; [keratinized] epidermis, the superficial layer of skin

Front 49

stratified squamous epithelium [function]

Back 49

in areas prone to abrasion, protects underlying tissues

Front 50

stratified cuboidal epithelium
[general info]

Back 50

generally seen as two layers of cuboidal cells and is primarily found along large excretory ducts; protects delicate tissues in deeper layers

Front 51

stratified cuboidal epithelium [description]

Back 51

(generally) two layers of cuboidal cells

Front 52

stratified cuboidal epithelium
[location]

Back 52

ducts of mammary glands, sweat glands, and salivary glands

Front 53

stratified cuboidal epithelium
[function]

Back 53

secretion, aborption, protection

Front 54

stratified columnar epithelium
[general info]

Back 54

rare; found only in select parts of the respiratory, digestive, and reproductive systems and some excretory ducts

Front 55

stratified columnar epithelium
[location]

Back 55

large ducts of mammary glands, small portion of urethra of some male mammals

Front 56

stratified columnar epithelium
[function]

Back 56

secretion and protection

Front 57

pseudostratifed columnar epithelium
[general info]

Back 57

epithelial cells appear to be stratified because nuclei are found at different levels across the tissue layer; each cell attaches to basement layer - thereby forming a single layer

Front 58

pseudostratified columnar epithelium
[description]

Back 58

each cell attaches to the basement membrane; nuclei located at different distances; generally ciliated and associated with goblet cells

Front 59

pseudostratified columnar epithelium
[location]

Back 59

respiratory tract, larynx, pharynx, trachea, and bronchi

Front 60

psuedostratified columnar epithelium]
[function

Back 60

creates surface layer of mucous to trap particles, move particles away with cilia

Front 61

transitional epithelium
[general info]

Back 61

has the ability to stretch; found in regions that need to expand and contract; allows for volumes of liquid to be held transported, and excreted; also forms a leak-proof membrane

Front 62

transitional epithelium
[description]

Back 62

stratified epithelium in which the basal layer is composed of cuboidal or columnar cells; superficial layer is cuboidal or squamous cells, depending on level of distension

Front 63

transitional epithelium
[function]

Back 63

flexible to accommodate fluctuations in amount of urine in bladder, ureters, urethra; forms a protective barrier between tissues and caustic effects of urine

Front 64

transitional epithelium
[location]

Back 64

urinary bladder, ureters, urethra

Front 65

gland

Back 65

a cell or group of cells that have the ability to manufacture and discharge a secretion

Front 66

secretion

Back 66

group of specialized protein molecules produced by the rough ER and packaged by the golgi, then discharged from the cell

Front 67

glandular epithelium
[general info]

Back 67

epithelial tissue that has the ability to manufacture secretions

Front 68

classification of glands

Back 68

+ or - DUCTS
NUMBER of cells (uni/mulit)
SHAPE of ducts
COMPLEXITY of structure
TYPE of secretion
MANNER of dicharge

Front 69

endocrine glands

Back 69

do NOT have ducts or tubules; secretions are distributed throughout the body; secrete HORMONES into the blood or lymphatic system

Front 70

exocrine glands

Back 70

glands that HAVE ducts; discharge secretions to nearby areas; secretions act locally and do not enter bloodstream; saliva, sweat, pancreatic enzymes, bile in liver

Front 71

unicellular exocrine glands

Back 71

only example is the ductless goblet cell; secrete mucin that mixes with H2O to become mucous

Front 72

muliticellular exocrine glands

Back 72

made up of two units; a SECRETORY unit (surrounded by vessel-rich connective tissue) and a DUCT

Front 73

meocrine glands (MEG)

Back 73

package secretions into glandular units and release via exocystosis and units are made; sweat, salivary, pancreatic glands

Front 74

apocrine glands (MEG)

Back 74

secretions involve loss of the top part of the cell (apex); granules are stored until apex is full, then cell pinches and releases apex into duct system; mammary tissue

Front 75

holocrine glands

Back 75

store granules until needed, but when released the entire cell is destoryed; degeneration releases granules; occurs in sebaceous glands

Front 76

mixed exocrine glands

Back 76

have components to secrete serous (high enzyme) or mucousy (high glycoprotein) secretions

Front 77

connective tissue

Back 77

found everywhere; most abundant tissue by weight; surrounds and separates cells providing structural and nutritional support; is vascular

Front 78

connective tissue composition

Back 78

extracellular fibers
ground substance
cells

variation of ground substance and fibers allow diversification of tissue

Front 79

ground substance

Back 79

amorphous (no defined shape) and homogenous; varies in texture from gel-liquid-calcifed solid; shock absorbing to protect cells; microorganism barrier; area for cells to exchange nutrients and waste with bloodstream

Front 80

collagenous fibers

Back 80

strong, thick, made of collagen; has high tensile strength; found in tendons and ligaments; also called "white fibers"; when exposed to extreme heat denature into a soft gel

Front 81

reticular fibers

Back 81

composed of collagen, but are not thick; branch into a net to form highly cellular organs - endocrine glands, lymph nodes, spleen, marrow, liver; also around blood vessels, nerves, muscles, capillaries

Front 82

elastic fibers

Back 82

composed of protein elastin; can stretch like a rubber band but lack tensile strength; in places prone to stretching like vocal chords, lungs, skin, vessel walls; also called "yellow fibers"