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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
functions of blood
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transportation, regulation, protection
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regulation
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buffers in the blood help maintain the pH balance about 7.4
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components of blood
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plasma, formed elements
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plasma
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liquid portion
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formed elements
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erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets
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hematopoietic stem cells
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cells that have the potential to develop into any blood cell type that is produced within the red marrow the parent cell
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erythrocytes
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transports oxygen
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leukocytes
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protects against infection
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platelets
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blood clotting
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albumin
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produced by the liver, maintains osmotic pressure
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clotting factors
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Also produced by liver
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antibodies
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made by certain WBC'S
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compliment
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consists of enzymes that help antibodies fight pathogens
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pancytopenia
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depression of all blood
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erythrocytes
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lacks nucleus & other cell organs (cant divide)
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hemoglobin
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protein containing iron that binds with oxygen (carries oxygen)
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average RBC count
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4.5-6 mill
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RBC production is stimulated by
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erythropoietin
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reticulocyte
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immature rbc
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rapid breakdown of rbc
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jaundice
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leukocytes
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prominent nuclei of varying shapes & sizes
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leukocytes norm. range
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5,000-10,000
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wbc different types are identified by
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shape and size of nucleus & the appearance of granules in the cytoplasm when cells are stained
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leukoytosis
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increase of wbc in presence of infection
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"gran ben"
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granules- basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils
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neutrophils norm.range
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60-70%
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eosinophils norm.range
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1-4%
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basophils norm range
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0.5-1%
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immature neutrophils
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Looks like a thick curved band
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an increase in these bands cells (stab or staff cells) is a sign of infection
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neutrophils
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non granular
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No granules seen with staining
nucleus is round |
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2 types of non granular
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lymphocytes, monocytes
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lymphocytes
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circulate in thw lymphatic system & are active in immunity
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lymphocytes norm.range
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20-40%
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monocytes
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circulate in the blood stream & move into tissue for phagocytosis
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monocytes norm.range
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2-6%
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functions of leukocytes
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The neutrophils & monocytes engage in phagoctosis (engulfing the foreign matter
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abnormally increased wbc
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indicates infection
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leukemia
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cancer of the blood characterized by uncontrolled leukocyte production
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platelets (thrombocytes)
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smallest of the formed elements
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essentials for clotting
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seal off wall of blood vessels, assist in clot formation
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platelets norm.range
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150,000-400,000
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vasoconstriction
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walls of blood vessels contracts to prevent blood loss
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formation of platelet plug
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platelets activate, become sticky,& form a temporary plug or patch
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clot formation
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plug is invaded by activated blood clotting factors& eventually a stable clotting is formed
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hemostasis
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process that stops bleeding and blood loss
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procoagulants
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compounds needed to promote clots
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anticoagulant
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compounds needed to prevent clotting
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blood clotting is associated with
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fibrinogen, prothrombin & calcium
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tissue plasminogen activator (tpa)
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Maybe given as a drug to break up clots in a brain attach & myocardial infarction
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agglutination occurs when
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wrong blood is given
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Type O blood can
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donate to All recipients
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Type AB can
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receive from any type
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rbc is increase
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polycythemia
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rbc is decreased
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anemia
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wbc is decreased
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leukopenia
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wbc is increased
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leukocytosis
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myelpsuppression
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bone marrow depression
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hematocrit
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blood test that indicates percentage of blood cells in sample of blood
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erythropoietin
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hormone secreted by kidneys
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hemolysis
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breakdown of rbc
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site of blood cell production
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bone marrow
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Which blood cell is motile, phagocytic, granulocyte
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neutrophils
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name 2 agranular leukocytes
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lymphocytes, monocytes
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anemia that's associated with myelpsuppression
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aplastic
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leukocytosis accompanys
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infection
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What is the stimulus for the release of erythropoietin
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low o2
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What clotting factor is is vitamin K dependant
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prothrombin
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hemolysis causes what condition
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jaundice
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What does tpa do
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clot buster
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necessary for adsorption of vitamin b12
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intrinsic factor
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bilirubin is the breakdown of
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Red blood cells
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Which blood type is universal donor
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O
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Which blood type is universal recipient
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AB
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What type of blood can a O type get
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O
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agglutination of rbc causes
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hemolysis
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Where in the red blood cell is the iron molecule
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hemoglobin
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What is erythroblastosis
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hemolysis of rbc
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condition in mother and baby to cause erythroblastosis
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Baby rh+
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whst is hemophilia
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defiency of factor 8
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What is the cause of hemophilia
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bleeding
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traveling clot
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embolus
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What does the prothrombin time measure
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clotting time
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icterus
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itching associated with jaundice
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