Ap Biology - Plants Unit Test Review 2

Front 1

In the hierarchy of biological organization, the shoot is _____.

Back 1

a system

Front 2

A root hair is _____.

Back 2

an extension of an individual cell that absorbs water from soil

Front 3

The shoot system of a beavertail cactus consists of broad paddle-like structures covered with clusters of spines. The spines are modified leaves, so the clusters must be modified _____ and the flat green paddles must be modified _____.

Back 3

buds; stems

Front 4

A cross section of a plant part exposes epidermis, a thick cortex, and a central cylinder of xylem and phloem. This part is a _____.

Back 4

root

Front 5

Guard cells _____.

Back 5

are involved in transpiration (evaporative water loss) and gas exchange

Front 6

Which best describes a characteristic of tracheids?
- They are only found in gymnosperms.
- They maximize delivery of water to new, expanding leaves.
- They are fat and wide.

Back 6

Which best describes a characteristic of tracheids?
-
- They maximize delivery of water to new, expanding leaves.
-

Front 7

Which increases the surface area on roots more: root hairs, or mycorrhizae?

Back 7

Mycorrhizae

Front 8

Is Ψs (psi s) always positive?

Back 8

No.

Front 9

What is the water potential in a turgid cell?

Back 9

Ψ = 0
(psi equals zero)

Front 10

In a plant root, the one cell type in which water cannot move via the apoplast is the _____.

Back 10

endodermis

Front 11

During winter, tree sap can sometimes freeze and cavitation (the formation of an air pocket) may occur. Which one of the following mechanisms of sap transport would you expect to be most immediately affected by cavitation? [Root pressure, or cohesion transpiration]

Back 11

Cohesion transpiration

Front 12

When referring to phloem transport, the "sink" in roots is created by the active transport of sugars from _______ to ________ ______.

Back 12

When referring to phloem transport, the "sink" in roots is created by the active transport of sugars from PHLOEM to CORTEX CELLS.

Front 13

In the spring when leaves are growing rapidly, ______ that was stored in roots may be sent to the leaves to power their growth.

Back 13

In the spring when leaves are growing rapidly, SUGAR that was stored in roots may be sent to the leaves to power their growth.

Front 14

What makes up 90% of a plant's mass?

Back 14

Water

Front 15

What are the main macronutrients?

Back 15

Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen.

Front 16

Topsoil horizon is composed from what two things?

Back 16

Particles of rock and humus (remains of partially decayed organic matter).

Front 17

What are the most fertile soils called?

Back 17

Loams

Front 18

What is usually the limiting factor of growth for plants?

Back 18

Water

Front 19

Which elements are commonly seen in fertilizers, and which is most important?

Back 19

Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potasium. N-P-K

Nitrogen is the most important.

Front 20

Bacteria that fix Nitrogen are commonly in ________ (beans).

Back 20

Bacteria that fix Nitrogen are commonly in LEGUMES (beans).

Front 21

What's the difference between ectomycorrhizae and endomycorrhizae?

Back 21

Ectomycorrhizae are a fungus that forms a thick coating on a root but does not penetrate the root cells. Endo/ do penetrate into root cells. (This penetration does not hurt the plant's cells.)

Front 22

Explain Epiphytes.

Back 22

Epiphytes grow on other plants but do not necessarily "harm" its host.

Front 23

Plant cell walls are made up of ________.

Back 23

Plant cell walls are made up of CELLULOSE.

Front 24

Plants are split into _______, not phyla.

Back 24

Plants are split into DIVISIONS, not phyla.

Front 25

Which division of plants have xylem and phloem?

Back 25

Tracheophytes.

Front 26

Which division of plants are cone (conifer) plants?

Back 26

Gymnosperms.

Front 27

Which plants are known as flowering plants?

Back 27

Angiosperms.

Front 28

What coats spores and pollen to protect them from the environment?

Back 28

Sporopollenin.

Front 29

Which is dominant in bryophytes: the gamete generation, or the sporophyte generation?

Back 29

The gamete generation.

Front 30

Regarding bryophyte reproduction, on top of the sporophyte forms a ________ which contains spores.

Back 30

Regarding bryophyte reproduction, on top of the sporophyte forms a SPORANGIA which contains spores.

Front 31

In seedless vascular plants, the [gamete/sporophyte] is the dominant part of life.

Back 31

In seedless vascular plants, the SPOROPHYTE is the dominant part of life.

Front 32

What are sori?

Back 32

Clusters of sporangia regarding seedless vascular plants.

Front 33

For the mature seed, what is deemed the "food"?

Back 33

The endosperm.